Linking the microbiota and metabolic disease with lymphotoxin.
Linking the microbiota and metabolic disease with lymphotoxin.
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DOI：
10.1093/intimm/dxt018
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
V. Upadhyay;yang-xin fu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Upadhyay;yang-xin fu
淋巴毒素生物学领域在过去十年中取得了许多进展。值得注意的是，作为一个关键的效应细胞因子的作用已出现，以增加其对淋巴器官发生的基础性贡献。现在清楚的是，光敏素有助于宿主防御多种病原体，光敏素受体是先天性和适应性免疫的定义特征和调节机制。具体而言，光毒素有助于Th教育，许可从3型先天淋巴样细胞产生IL-22，甚至维持完全发育的淋巴结内的先天髓样细胞群。最近，淋巴毒素与微生物群和代谢疾病的调节有关。早期的研究表明，光毒素可能通过调节肠道中的免疫区室化来影响肠道微生物群的组成。此外，一些流行病学研究已经将光合作用蛋白的多态性与代谢疾病联系起来。探索光毒素在代谢性疾病中的作用的研究表明，光毒素可能直接影响肝脏中的代谢，并通过调节肠道免疫反应间接影响代谢。现在看来，光合细菌可能在改变的肠道微生物群组成和新陈代谢之间架起了差距的桥梁。
The field of lymphotoxin biology has seen many advances in the past decade. Notably, a role for lymphotoxin as a key effector cytokine has emerged to add to its foundational contribution to lymphoid organogenesis. It is now clear that lymphotoxin contributes to host defense for a wide variety of pathogens, and the lymphotoxin receptor is a defining feature of and regulatory mechanism in both innate and adaptive immunities. Specifically, lymphotoxin contributes to Th education, licensing of IL-22 production from type 3 innate lymphoid cells, and even maintains innate myeloid populations within the fully developed lymph node. Most recently, lymphotoxin has been implicated in regulation of the microbiota and metabolic disease. Early studies revealed that lymphotoxin might influence composition of the commensal microbiota through its regulation of immunological compartmentalization in the gut. Additionally, several epidemiological studies have linked polymorphisms in lymphotoxin to metabolic disease. Studies exploring the role of lymphotoxin in metabolic disease have demonstrated that lymphotoxin may influence metabolism both directly in the liver and indirectly through regulation of gut immune responses. It now appears that lymphotoxin may bridge the gap between altered composition of the commensal microbiota and metabolism.