Predictors of personal, perceived and self-stigma towards anxiety and depression
Predictors of personal, perceived and self-stigma towards anxiety and depression
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DOI：
10.1017/s2045796015000220
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Batterham, P. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grant, J. Busby;Bruce, C. P.;Batterham, P. J.
对患有精神疾病的个人的污名与一系列负面的心理，社会和经济后果有关。与污名化相关的因素仍不清楚;污名化和各种个人因素之间的关系可能取决于被污名化的疾病类型和评估的污名化类型。不同形式的污名包括个人污名（对他人的负面态度），（感知他人的态度）和自我污名方法350名大学生和普通公众完成了一项在线调查，评估与抑郁和焦虑的接触和知识，年龄，性别，当前抑郁和焦虑症状，以及个人，结果接触和了解疾病越多，焦虑和抑郁的个人耻辱感越低。参与者更大的水平，目前抑郁症和女性，报告更高的感知耻辱对抑郁症。男性对焦虑的个人耻辱感更高。对于焦虑和抑郁症，较高的电流pathology与更高水平的自我耻辱对illustration.Conclusions研究结果证实了接触和知识的作用，在个人的耻辱这两种疾病，与以前的研究结果一致。这一发现也支持了针对这些因素的干预措施与个人耻辱感下降有关的证据。然而，缺乏与精神疾病的接触和知识之间的关系，以及对抑郁或焦虑的感知和自我耻辱感表明，这些因素可能不会在感知或自我耻辱感中发挥重要作用。识别的焦虑症和抑郁症的自我污名相关的一个关键因素是显着的，并有影响的社区范围内的干预措施，旨在增加寻求帮助的行为，以及临床医生的个人治疗策略。进一步的研究应该检查这些关系是否适用于临床诊断为抑郁症和焦虑症的群体。
Background Stigma towards individuals experiencing a mental illness is associated with a range of negative psychological, social and financial outcomes. Factors associated with stigma remain unclear; the relationship between stigma and various personal factors may depend on both the type of disorder being stigmatised and what type of stigma is assessed. Different forms of stigma include personal stigma (negative attitudes towards others), perceived stigma (perceived attitudes of others) and self-stigma (self-attribution of others' negative attitudes).Method Three hundred and fifty university students and members of the general public completed an online survey assessing contact with and knowledge of both depression and anxiety, age, gender, current depression and anxiety symptoms, and personal, perceived and self-stigma for both depression and anxiety.Results Greater contact with, and knowledge of that illness predicted lower personal stigma for both anxiety and depression. Participants with greater levels of current depression symptomatology and females, reported higher perceived stigma towards depression. Males reported higher personal stigma for anxiety. For both anxiety and depression, higher current symptomatology was associated with greater levels of self-stigma towards the illness.Conclusions Findings confirm the role of contact and knowledge in personal stigma for both disorders, consistent with previous findings. This finding also supports evidence that interventions addressing these factors are associated with a decline in personal stigma. However, lack of relationship between contact with, and knowledge of a mental illness and perceived and self-stigma for either depression or anxiety suggests that these factors may not play a major role in perceived or self-stigma. The identification of symptomatology as a key factor associated with self-stigma for both anxiety and depression is significant, and has implications for community-wide interventions aiming to increase help-seeking behaviour, as well as individual treatment strategies for clinicians. Further research should examine whether these relationships hold for groups with clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety disorders.