Are human hands and feet affected by climate? A test of Allen's rule
Are human hands and feet affected by climate? A test of Allen's rule
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.22774
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Pearson, Osbjorn M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betti, Lia;Lycett, Stephen J.;Pearson, Osbjorn M.
近年来，一些研究表明，来自寒冷，高纬度地区的种群往往比来自热带地区的种群具有相对较短的肢体，其中大部分差异是由于zeugopods的相对长度（即，桡骨、尺骨、胫骨、腓骨）。这种模式被解释为长期气候选择或表型可塑性的结果，温度对发育过程中的骨生长有直接影响。本研究的目的是测试这种肢体内比例的模式是否延伸到手和脚的骨骼，并确定在考虑到与种群历史相关的中性进化过程的影响后，这种模式是否仍然显着。收集了来自10个全球分布的人群的393个个体。内肢体指数和最低温度之间的关系进行了测试，使用广义最小二乘回归，校正空间autocorrelation.ResultsThe结果证实了以前的观测的温度相关的梯度内肢体的比例，甚至占人口的历史。这种模式延伸到手中，从寒冷地区的人口显示相对较短和粗壮的第一掌骨，然而，第一跖骨似乎更广泛，但不短的冷适应population.DiscussionThe结果表明，气候适应发挥了作用，在塑造人类种群之间的肢体比例的变化。手和脚表现出的不同模式可能是由于脚上存在进化限制，以保持有效的双足运动。Am J Phys Anthropol 158：132-140，2015。(c)2015年威利期刊公司
ObjectivesIn recent years, several studies have shown that populations from cold, high-latitude regions tend to have relatively shorter limbs than populations from tropical regions, with most of the difference due to the relative length of the zeugopods (i.e., radius, ulna, tibia, fibula). This pattern has been explained either as the consequence of long-term climatic selection or of phenotypic plasticity, with temperature having a direct effect on bone growth during development. The aims of this study were to test whether this pattern of intra-limb proportions extended to the bones of the hands and feet, and to determine whether the pattern remained significant after taking into account the effects of neutral evolutionary processes related to population history.Materials and MethodsMeasurements of the limb bones, including the first metatarsal and metacarpal, were collected for 393 individuals from 10 globally distributed human populations. The relationship between intra-limb indices and minimum temperature was tested using generalized least squares regression, correcting for spatial autocorrelation.ResultsThe results confirmed previous observations of a temperature-related gradient in intra-limb proportions, even accounting for population history. This pattern extends to the hands, with populations from cold regions displaying a relatively shorter and stockier first metacarpal; however, the first metatarsal appears to be wider but not shorter in cold-adapted populations.DiscussionThe results suggest that climatic adaptation played a role in shaping variation in limb proportions between human populations. The different patterns shown by the hands and feet might be due to the presence of evolutionary constraints on the foot to maintain efficient bipedal locomotion. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:132-140, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.