Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air pollution mortality
Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air pollution mortality
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-21-11201-2021
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
B. Nault;D. Jo;B. McDonald;P. Campuzano‐Jost;D. Day;Weiwei Hu;J. Schroder;J. Allan;D. Blake;M. Canagaratna;H. Coe;M. Coggon;P. DeCarlo;G. Diskin;R. Dunmore;F. Flocke;A. Fried;J. Gilman;G. Gkatzelis;J. Hamilton;T. Hanisco;P. L. Hayes;D. Henze;A. Hodzic;J. Hopkins;Min Hu;L. G. Huey;B. Jobson;W. Kuster;A. Lewis;Meng Li;J. Liao;M. Nawaz;I. Pollack;J. Peischl;B. Rappenglück;C. Reeves;D. Richter;J. Roberts;T. Ryerson;M. Shao;J. Sommers;J. Walega;C. Warneke;P. Weibring;G. Wolfe;D. Young;Bin Yuan;Qiang Zhang;J. D. de Gouw;J. Jimenez
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Nault;D. Jo;B. McDonald;P. Campuzano‐Jost;D. Day;Weiwei Hu;J. Schroder;J. Allan;D. Blake;M. Canagaratna;H. Coe;M. Coggon;P. DeCarlo;G. Diskin;R. Dunmore;F. Flocke;A. Fried;J. Gilman;G. Gkatzelis;J. Hamilton;T. Hanisco;P. L. Hayes;D. Henze;A. Hodzic;J. Hopkins;Min Hu;L. G. Huey;B. Jobson;W. Kuster;A. Lewis;Meng Li;J. Liao;M. Nawaz;I. Pollack;J. Peischl;B. Rappenglück;C. Reeves;D. Richter;J. Roberts;T. Ryerson;M. Shao;J. Sommers;J. Walega;C. Warneke;P. Weibring;G. Wolfe;D. Young;Bin Yuan;Qiang Zhang;J. D. de Gouw;J. Jimenez
摘要。人为的二次有机气溶胶（ASOA）是由人为排放的有机化合物形成的，在世界各地人口稠密地区的亚微米气溶胶质量中占很大一部分，并导致空气质量差和过早死亡。然而，对ASOA的前体来源了解甚少，减少人为有机排放可能产生的健康效益也存在很大的不确定性。研究表明，三大洲11个城市地区的ASOA的产生与特定的人为挥发性有机化合物的反应性密切相关。不同城市的ASOA产量差异可以通过芳烃和中间挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物的排放差异来解释，这表明控制这些ASOA前体的重要性。在观察结果的推动下，我们改进了ASOA的模型表示，将每年34万例与pm2.5相关的过早死亡归因于ASOA，这比以前的研究高出一个数量级。最近提出的将死亡率归因于PM2.5的模型（全球暴露死亡率模型）的敏感性案例导致多达90万人死亡。本研究的一个局限性是从有详细研究的城市和有详细排放清单的地区向排放不确定性较大的其他地区进行外推。除了进一步发展制度化的空气质量管理基础设施外，还需要在南美洲和中美洲、非洲、南亚和中东国家开展全面的空气质量运动，以便在这一领域取得进一步进展。
Abstract. Anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (ASOA), formed from anthropogenic emissions of organic compounds, constitutes a substantial fraction of the mass of submicron aerosol in populated areas around the world and contributes to poor air quality and premature mortality. However, the precursor sources of ASOA are poorly understood, and there are large uncertainties in the health benefits that might accrue from reducing anthropogenic organic emissions. We show that the production of ASOA in 11 urban areas on three continents is strongly correlated with the reactivity of specific anthropogenic volatile organic compounds. The differences in ASOA production across different cities can be explained by differences in the emissions of aromatics and intermediate- and semi-volatile organic compounds, indicating the importance of controlling these ASOA precursors. With an improved model representation of ASOA driven by the observations, we attribute 340 000 PM2.5-related premature deaths per year to ASOA, which is over an order of magnitude higher than prior studies. A sensitivity case with a more recently proposed model for attributing mortality to PM2.5 (the Global Exposure Mortality Model) results in up to 900 000 deaths. A limitation of this study is the extrapolation from cities with detailed studies and regions where detailed emission inventories are available to other regions where uncertainties in emissions are larger. In addition to further development of institutional air quality management infrastructure, comprehensive air quality campaigns in the countries in South and Central America, Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East are needed for further progress in this area.