Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions
Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions
复制标题
电子和原子碰撞物理学
作者：
J. Hasted
7月在伦敦举行的第三届“F、电子和原子碰撞物理学”国际对撞会标志着这一物理学领域从国家到世界交流的快速发展。1993年9月19日，没有举行专门会议；碰撞理论只在一般物理和电离气体模拟会议上提出。但是，由于这一领域的投资未预料到的增长，导致美国于1959年和1961年举行了会议，加上苏联的两次会议，哈里奥·马索爵士邀请美国人到伦敦大学学院参加1963年的会议，因此有可能大大增加国际参与。一个指导委员会，在WL Fite博士的领导下，已经为两年一次的世界盛会制定了计划，接下来的两届世界盛会有望分别在加拿大和伦敦举行。同时，欧洲关于“气体中的电离现象”的对撞机将不再用于碰撞调查；这一切都与人类科学发展的典型模式相吻合。碰撞物理的刺激很大程度上是由磁流体动力和核动力驱动的。大气、离子、航空、天体物理、等离子体和气体激光技术；但会议上的材料并没有显示出这一主题的不平衡或经验性发展，不是吗？这360名参与者代表了研究人员的非均匀分布，即那些能够为他们的旅行获得经济支持的人。伦敦大学学院（university College, London）是英国著名的碰撞中心，除了在梅西爵士（Sir rie Massey）自己的院系以及在他的老学生和同事的指导下，在其他知名院校和大学进行的研究之外，一些最优秀的美国贡献是由牛津大学访问伦敦激发出来的。11 . A 11。原子功的增加对电子与氢原子的碰撞有好处；这些研究在很大程度上归功于高速计算的可用性。在PG Burke和HM Sohoy进行的总Emattoring横截面函数计算中发现了一个非点阵特征：一个异常狭窄且点阵的共振恰好低于第一氧化态的能量。在物理上，氢原子对质子的明显透明可能与虚负离子态的暂时形成有关，随后是质子的再发射。自拉姆索尔和汤森德时代以来，这一预测对总电子散射的影响比以往任何时候都要大。在伦敦，人们对eH散射产生了进一步的共鸣，尽管在实验中没有任何报道。但在氦和其他气体中，窄共振是今年由G·t·舒尔茨（G.， T. Schulz）首次发现的，他在匹兹堡的W . ostinghouso Rmioarch实验室进行实验，使用的是高度多足类的电子速度选择器。似乎还没有一种已知的方法可以高精度地确定空间t中一个点的电势，因为在这个点上，光子已经加速了；这些共振很可能会找到一个现成的应用场景。非诺;;结构峰也出现在非弹性的oloct、ron - orom、-Rootion函数中，甚至在某些重粒子碰撞中；这一课题的研究提出了一个重要的问题。NTNM理论，NTNM理论。不同的旋转现象与第一电离连续体中出现的单能级有关。人们热切地期待着远离紫外线辐射、远离废弃电子加速器的化学物质的到来。
,-I----IHB third intornational conforonco on" Tho Physics of F, Joctronic and Atomic Collisions", hold in London dnring July, marks tho rapid dovolopmont from national t, o world communication in this fiold of physies. Boforn 19.59 thoro wcro no specialized conforencos; collision niRoarch was presented only at 1neetings on general physics and ionized gas mootings. But tho unprnoo< fontod growbh of intorost in this field led to moctings in tho United States in l\: l59 and 1961, balanced by two conforonces in the USSR Sir Harrio Massoy invitod tho American mooting to University College, London, for 1963, 1md it has boon possible to increase greatly tho international participation. Plans have now boon laid by a steering committee, under tho chairmanship of Dr. WL Fite, for biennial world ovents, the next two to be hnld, it is hopod, in Canada and then in Loningrad. Mnanwhile, tho Europoan conforonco on" Ionization l'honomena in Gases" will no longer cater for collision investigations; all thiH is in kooping with tho typ: cal pattern of oollular sciontific development. Tho stimulation of collision physics is very largely by magneto-hydrodynamic and thormo-nucloar powor g! morat, ion, aeronomy, astrophysics, plasma and gas laser tcohnology; hut tho material at tho conference did not show an unbalanced or empirioal dovelopmont of tho subjnct, do:,; pito tho fact that tho 360 participants represent a ono-Hidod ciistribution of research workers, namely, those able to obtain financial support for thoir joumoy. UnivorHity College, London, is woll known as a centre of collision n 1E-maroh, and in addition to the work carried on in Sir H11, rrie Massey's own dopartmont, and in othor ostablishmonts and univorsitios nndor tho diroction of hiR old studonts nnd colleagues, some of tho finest American oontributions have been stimulatod by oxtondod visits to London.A l11rgo ooncontm. tion of tlworotical work has boon on collisions of electrons with tho hydrogen atom; tho investigations owe muoh to tho availability of high-spood computation. An nnoxpocted foaturo was found in tho total Emattoring cross-section function calculations carried out by PG Burke and HM Sohoy: an oxtrnmoly narrow and doop rosonance just below tho oncrgy of tho first oxcitod state. Tho apparent transparency of tho hydrogen atom to elootrons of this onorgy might bo rflgardod physically as being connected with tho temporary formation of a virtual negative ion state, followed by re-emission of an olootron. This prmliotion has awakenod groator intorost in total olectron scattering than at any time sinco the days of Ramsauor and Townsend. Further resonancos in eH scattoring wore prodioted in London, although nothing has boon reported in oxporiment. But in helium and other gases, narrow resonances wore first found this yoar by G., T. Schulz, experimenting at W ostinghouso Rmioarch Laboratories, Pittsburgh, with a highly dovolopod electron velocity selector. Thero appears to be no known method of detormining with high accuracy tho eloctrical potential of a point in space t, o whioh oloctrons have boon accelerated; it is likely that tho resonances will find a ready application horo. Fino;; tructuro peaks havo alRo appeared in inelastic oloct, ron orom,-Rootion functions, and evon in certain heavy particlo collisions; tho dovolopmm1t of this suhjoct roprnsents an importu. nt trn1ting gronnd for qnll, ntnm thoory. Variom, rolatod phenomena arc associated with tho onorgy-lovels which appear in tho first ionization eontinuum. Tho rmmlts of oxporimonts m: iing far ultra-violet radiation, ohtninod from discardod e: ectron accelerators, arc oagorly awaited.