When's a Gale a Gale? Understanding Wind as an Energetic Force in Mid-Twentieth Century Britain
When's a Gale a Gale? Understanding Wind as an Energetic Force in Mid-Twentieth Century Britain
复制标题
什么时候是大风？
DOI：
10.1093/envhis/emab047
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Dudley M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dudley M
第二次世界大战后，英国政府开始对风能作为能源的潜力感兴趣。从20世纪30年代中期到50年代中期，在20年的时间里，科学界和非科学界对空域和风景进行了调查，从而产生了英国第一次全国性的风向调查。这项工作为1951年苏格兰奥克尼第一台连接公共电力的风力涡轮机的开发和选址提供了信息。气象学家、物理学家和工程师开发出了利用高度局部化的地理和地形以及当地人的技能来收集数据和绘制风况图的方法。虽然这项研究是在全国范围内进行的，但研究强调，风的性质--它是如何表现的，它是如何经历的，以及如何利用它--最好是在地方尺度上理解。虽然科学关注的是风的生产潜力，但奥克尼岛上的居民仍然关注风的破坏性力量，并使用涡轮机产生的风数据来支持部分通过天气经验建立的基于地点的身份。
After the Second World War, the British state became interested in the potential of wind as an energy source. Over a period of twenty years, from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s, scientific and non-scientific communities surveyed airspaces and landscapes to produce the first national wind survey of Britain. This work informed the development and siting of the first wind turbine connected to public electricity supply, in Orkney, Scotland, in 1951. Meteorologists, physicists, and engineers developed ways of “reading” the wind that used highly localized geographies and topographies, and the skills of local people, to accrue data and map the wind regime. Though conducted at a national scale, the research emphasized that the nature of wind—how it behaved, how it was experienced, and how it could be harnessed—was best understood at a local scale. While science focused on wind’s productive potential, Orkney islanders remained attentive to wind’s destructive powers and used turbine-generated wind data to support place-based identities forged, in part, through weather experience.