Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city
Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1614433114
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发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Sampson
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sampson
先进城市化进程中城市环境的脆弱性促使人们广泛努力促进城市生态系统和物质基础设施的可持续性。人们很少关注邻里不平等和市政基础设施中的裂痕，这些不平等和裂痕可能会挑战社会可持续性和城市共同应对环境挑战的能力。本文借鉴了波士顿、芝加哥和洛杉矶这三个美国城市的一项研究计划，提出了假设和方法策略，以评估当代城市特征的多维和多层次不平等如何影响可持续发展。除了对收入相对不平等的标准关注之外，本文还回顾了有关复合剥夺、种族分裂、公民参与、机构犬儒主义以及城市流动性的隔离模式和以不同方式连接邻里资源的组织联系的证据。利用“经济计量”测量工具和新兴城市数据来源以及邻里不平等的理论指导框架，可以增强美国和全球对可持续城市的追求。
The environmental fragility of cities under advanced urbanization has motivated extensive efforts to promote the sustainability of urban ecosystems and physical infrastructures. Less attention has been devoted to neighborhood inequalities and fissures in the civic infrastructure that potentially challenge social sustainability and the capacity of cities to collectively address environmental challenges. This article draws on a program of research in three American cities—Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles—to develop hypotheses and methodological strategies for assessing how the multidimensional and multilevel inequalities that characterize contemporary cities bear on sustainability. In addition to standard concerns with relative inequality in income, the article reviews evidence on compounded deprivation, racial cleavages, civic engagement, institutional cynicism, and segregated patterns of urban mobility and organizational ties that differentially connect neighborhood resources. Harnessing “ecometric” measurement tools and emerging sources of urban data with a theoretically guided framework on neighborhood inequality can enhance the pursuit of sustainable cities, both in the United States and globally.