Treatment Heterogeneity and Individual Qualitative Interaction.

Treatment Heterogeneity and Individual Qualitative Interaction.
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DOI:
10.1080/00031305.2012.671724
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
The American statistician
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Allison DB
Allison DB
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Poulson RS;Gadbury GL;Allison DB

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个体间治疗效果的高度变异性的可能性已被认为是临床研究中的一个重要考虑因素。令人惊讶的是,在临床试验设计或结果数据分析中,很少有人注意评估这种可变性。治疗的有效性或安全性在不同个体之间的高度差异(这里称为治疗异质性)可能会产生重要的后果,因为对个人的最佳治疗选择可能不同于对平均效果的研究所建议的。我们称之为个体质量交互作用(IQI),借用了早期工作中的术语--指的是当最佳治疗方法在一组人之间有所不同时存在的质量交互作用(QI)。已经提出了至少三种技术来调查处理异质性:检测QI的技术,使用诸如不同处理下两个结果变量的密度重叠的测量方法,以及使用交叉设计来观察“个体效应”。我们阐明了它们之间的潜在联系、它们的局限性以及可能需要的一些假设。我们这样做是在一个潜在的结果框架下进行的,该框架可以对常规数据分析的结果增加洞察力,并研究设计特征,以提高更直接地评估治疗异质性的能力。
Plausibility of high variability in treatment effects across individuals has been recognized as an important consideration in clinical studies. Surprisingly, little attention has been given to evaluating this variability in design of clinical trials or analyses of resulting data. High variation in a treatment’s efficacy or safety across individuals (referred to herein as treatment heterogeneity) may have important consequences because the optimal treatment choice for an individual may be different from that suggested by a study of average effects. We call this an individual qualitative interaction (IQI), borrowing terminology from earlier work - referring to a qualitative interaction (QI) being present when the optimal treatment varies across a“groups” of individuals. At least three techniques have been proposed to investigate treatment heterogeneity: techniques to detect a QI, use of measures such as the density overlap of two outcome variables under different treatments, and use of cross-over designs to observe “individual effects.” We elucidate underlying connections among them, their limitations and some assumptions that may be required. We do so under a potential outcomes framework that can add insights to results from usual data analyses and to study design features that improve the capability to more directly assess treatment heterogeneity.
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