CCCTC-Binding Factor Acts as a Heterochromatin Barrier on Herpes Simplex Viral Latent Chromatin and Contributes to Poised Latent Infection.
CCCTC-Binding Factor Acts as a Heterochromatin Barrier on Herpes Simplex Viral Latent Chromatin and Contributes to Poised Latent Infection.
复制标题
ccctc结合因子作为单纯疱疹病毒潜伏性染色质的异染色质屏障，参与潜伏性感染。
DOI：
10.1128/mbio.02372-17
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发表时间：
2018-02-06
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Knipe DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee JS;Raja P;Pan D;Pesola JM;Coen DM;Knipe DM
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latent infection in neurons via a variety of epigenetic mechanisms that silence its genome. The cellular CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) functions as a mediator of transcriptional control and chromatin organization and has binding sites in the HSV-1 genome. We constructed an HSV-1 deletion mutant that lacked a pair of CTCF-binding sites (CTRL2) within the latency-associated transcript (LAT) coding sequences and found that loss of these CTCF-binding sites did not alter lytic replication or levels of establishment of latent infection, but their deletion reduced the ability of the virus to reactivate from latent infection. We also observed increased heterochromatin modifications on viral chromatin over the LAT promoter and intron. We therefore propose that CTCF binding at the CTRL2 sites acts as a chromatin insulator to keep viral chromatin in a form that is poised for reactivation, a state which we call poised latency. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a human pathogen that persists for the lifetime of the host as a result of its ability to establish latent infection within sensory neurons. The mechanism by which HSV-1 transitions from the lytic to latent infection program is largely unknown; however, HSV-1 is able to coopt cellular silencing mechanisms to facilitate the suppression of lytic gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding site within the latency associated transcript (LAT) region is critical for the maintenance of a specific local chromatin structure. Additionally, loss of CTCF binding has detrimental effects on the ability to reactivate from latent infection. These results argue that CTCF plays a critical role in epigenetic regulation of viral gene expression to establish and/or maintain a form of latent infection that can reactivate efficiently.
