Increased protein intake in military special operations.
Increased protein intake in military special operations.
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.113.176057
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ferrando, Arny A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ferrando, Arny A
特别行动是为它们所针对的专门军事任务而指定的。因此，特种作战带来了一些独特的代谢挑战。特别是，士兵往往在紧张和苛刻的条件下在负能量平衡中工作，几乎没有休息或恢复的机会。在这个框架内，从性能文献推断的结果表明，增加蛋白质摄入量可能是有益的。特别是，在负热量平衡期间增加蛋白质摄入可维持瘦体重和血糖生成。在混合宏量营养素补充剂中添加蛋白质有利于肌肉耐力和力量终点，氨基酸的使用可以提高粗和细运动技能。在高强度训练和/或代谢需求期间增加蛋白质摄入量可改善随后的表现，改善肌肉恢复，并减少心理压力症状。睡眠前消耗蛋白质赋予维持瘦体重和肌肉恢复所需的合成代谢反应。仅消耗20-25 g蛋白质即可实现肌肉蛋白质合成的最大反应。然而，在混合营养摄入的背景下，较高的蛋白质摄入量也通过减少蛋白质分解而赋予合成代谢益处。发放给特种作战人员的限制性口粮提供的蛋白质低于每日膳食供给量（0.6克/公斤），这些士兵往往依靠商业产品来增加口粮。由美国国防部提供合理的替代品和/或批准补充剂的认证将是谨慎的。
Special operations are so designated for the specialized military missions they address. As a result, special operations present some unique metabolic challenges. In particular, soldiers often operate in a negative energy balance in stressful and demanding conditions with little opportunity for rest or recovery. In this framework, findings inferred from the performance literature suggest that increased protein intake may be beneficial. In particular, increased protein intake during negative caloric balance maintains lean body mass and blood glucose production. The addition of protein to mixed macronutrient supplements is beneficial for muscle endurance and power endpoints, and the use of amino acids improves gross and fine motor skills. Increasing protein intake during periods of intense training and/or metabolic demand improves subsequent performance, improves muscular recovery, and reduces symptoms of psychological stress. Consumption of protein before sleep confers the anabolic responses required for the maintenance of lean mass and muscle recovery. A maximal response in muscle protein synthesis is achieved with the consumption of 20-25 g of protein alone. However, higher protein intakes in the context of mixed-nutrient ingestion also confer anabolic benefits by reducing protein breakdown. Restricted rations issued to special operators provide less than the RDA for protein ( 0.6 g/kg), and these soldiers often rely on commercial products to augment their rations. The provision of reasonable alternatives and/or certification of approved supplements by the U.S. Department of Defense would be prudent.