HIV-1 Tat protein directly induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and inactivates cytochrome c oxidase.

HIV-1 Tat protein directly induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and inactivates cytochrome c oxidase.
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HIV-1 TAT蛋白直接诱导线粒体膜通透性并灭活细胞色素C氧化酶。

DOI:
10.1038/cddis.2012.21
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发表时间:
2012-03-15
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
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人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)的反式激活蛋白(Trans-activator protein,达特)是一种多效性蛋白,参与艾滋病(AIDS)发病机制的不同方面。达特是一种干扰线粒体功能的病毒蛋白。我们通过天然化学连接(NCL)制备纯的合成全长达特和达特肽,以评估它们对分离的线粒体的直接作用。亚微摩尔剂量的合成达特导致从小鼠肝脏、心脏和大脑分离的线粒体中的线粒体跨膜电位(Δ Tm)以及细胞色素c释放的快速消散。因此,达特通过从这些组织分离的线粒体降低底物氧化,通过添加细胞色素c最初恢复氧摄取。阴离子通道抑制剂4,4 ′-二异硫氰基二苯乙烯-2,2 ′-二磺酸(DIDS)可保护线粒体免受Tat诱导的线粒体膜透化(MMP),而兰尼碱受体阻断剂钌红则不能。通透性转换孔的药理学抑制剂、Bax/巴克抑制剂和重组Bcl-2和Bcl-XL蛋白不降低Tat诱导的MMP。我们最后观察到,达特抑制细胞色素c氧化酶(考克斯)的活性在破坏线粒体分离的肝脏,心脏和大脑的小鼠和人类样本,使其成为第一个描述的病毒蛋白是一个潜在的考克斯抑制剂。
The Trans-activator protein (Tat) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pleiotropic protein involved in different aspects of AIDS pathogenesis. As a number of viral proteins Tat is suspected to disturb mitochondrial function. We prepared pure synthetic full-length Tat by native chemical ligation (NCL), and Tat peptides, to evaluate their direct effects on isolated mitochondria. Submicromolar doses of synthetic Tat cause a rapid dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) as well as cytochrome c release in mitochondria isolated from mouse liver, heart, and brain. Accordingly, Tat decreases substrate oxidation by mitochondria isolated from these tissues, with oxygen uptake being initially restored by adding cytochrome c. The anion-channel inhibitor 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) protects isolated mitochondria against Tat-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP), whereas ruthenium red, a ryanodine receptor blocker, does not. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the permeability transition pore, Bax/Bak inhibitors, and recombinant Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins do not reduce Tat-induced MMP. We finally observed that Tat inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity in disrupted mitochondria isolated from liver, heart, and brain of both mouse and human samples, making it the first described viral protein to be a potential COX inhibitor.
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