Multi-year levels and trends of non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations observed in ambient air in France
Multi-year levels and trends of non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations observed in ambient air in France
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.059
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Locoge, Nadine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Waked, Antoine;Sauvage, Stephane;Locoge, Nadine
在法国的三个城市（巴黎，2003-2014年，斯特拉斯堡，2002-2014年和里昂，2007-2014年），在十年的时间内对31种非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHC）进行了测量。通过Mann-Kendall非参数检验对年度和季节平均浓度进行了趋势分析，以指出具体排放源的变化，并评估排放控制和减排战略的影响。这些趋势与三个农村地区的趋势进行了比较（Peyrusse-Vieille，2002-2013年，Tardiere，2003-2013年和Donon，1997-2007年）。结果表明，在研究期间，污染物浓度每年显著下降，大多数物种的浓度在-1%至-7%的范围内，与法国NMHC排放量的下降（-5%至-9%）一致。乙烷和丙烷等被认为是远源和天然气的示踪物的长寿物种的浓度保持不变。与燃烧过程有关的化合物，如乙炔、丙烯、乙烯和苯，在-2%至-5%yr（-1）范围内显示出显著下降。这些趋势与最近在北方中纬度城市和背景地点以及排放清单中描述的趋势一致。C7-C9芳烃如甲苯和二甲苯以及C4-C15烷烃如异戊烷和异丁烷也显示出在-3%至-7%yr（-1）范围内的显著降低。在这些法国城市站点观察到的% yr（-1）的下降趋势通常高于国家测量和评估跨境空气污染农村地区（MERA）的法国农村站点报告的乙炔，乙烯和苯。该研究还强调了难以选择代表污染物浓度总体趋势的长期采样点。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Measurements of 31 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were carried out at three urban (Paris, 2003-2014, Strasbourg, 2002-2014 and Lyon, 2007-2014) sites in France over the period of a decade. A trend analysis was applied by means of the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test to annual and seasonal mean concentrations in order to point out changes in specific emission sources and to assess the impact of emission controls and reduction strategies. The trends were compared to those from three rural sites (Peyrusse-Vieille, 2002-2013, Tardiere, 2003-2013 and Donon, 1997-2007). The results obtained showed a significant yearly decrease in pollutant concentrations over the study period and for the majority of species in the range of -1 to -7% in accordance with the decrease of NMHC emissions in France (-5 to -9%). Concentrations of long-lived species such as ethane and propane which are recognized as tracers of distant sources and natural gas remained constant. Compounds associated with combustion processes such as acetylene, propene, ethylene and benzene showed a significant decline in the range of -2% to -5% yr(-1). These trends are consistent with those recently described at urban and background sites in the northern mid-latitudes and with emission inventories. C7-C9 aromatics such as toluene and xylenes as well as C4-05 alkanes such as isopentane and isobutane also showed a significant decrease in the range of -3% to -7% yr(-1). The decreasing trends in terms of % yr(-1) observed at these French urban sites were typically higher for acetylene, ethylene and benzene than those reported for French rural sites of the national observatory of Measurement and Evaluation in Rural areas of trans boundary Air pollution (MERA). The study also highlighted the difficult choice of a long term sampling site representative of the general trends of pollutant concentrations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.