Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tomato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution
Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tomato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution
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DOI：
10.1007/s00271-007-0095-7
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ragab, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malash, N. M.;Flowers, T. J.;Ragab, R.
为满足日益增长的人口对灌溉用水的日益增长的需求，供水有限，这就要求重新考虑非常规水资源的使用。后者包括咸水排水、微咸水地下水和经过处理的废水。采用滴灌和沟灌两种灌溉方式，研究了咸水排水(电导率为4.2~4.8dsm(-1))对大田番茄的灌溉效果以及土壤水分和盐分的分布。咸水要么用淡水稀释到不同的盐度水平(混合)，要么与淡水循环使用。2001年和2002年两个季节的研究结果表明，盐度增加导致叶面积指数、植株干重、果实总产量和单果重下降。在所有情况下，滴灌番茄植株的生长参数、产量和水分利用效率都高于沟灌植株。然而，沟灌产生了较高的单果重。与采用混合水灌溉的小区相比，采用循环水分管理时，土壤溶液的电导率(灌溉后48h提取)表现出更大的波动。在滴灌和沟灌条件下，灌水后1d的土壤水分测定结果表明，灌溉水源地表层20 cm土壤水分较高，根际(20~40 cm)土壤水分最低，40~60 cm和60~90 cm土壤水分逐渐增加，90~120 cm土壤水分相对稳定。土壤含水率随着距灌溉水源地距离的增加而逐渐降低。此外，灌溉后几天，土壤水分含量有所下降，但表层水分亏缺最为明显。灌源地土壤盐分在15 cm(表层)低于30 cm和60 cm，深层(90 Cm)最小。盐度随着距灌溉源距离的增加而增加，尤其是在表层。结果表明，盐度沿水锋方向变化。我们得出的结论是，仔细而有效地管理咸水灌溉可以使地下水盐度水平不受影响，并建议使用滴灌，因为单位用水量的水果产量平均比使用沟灌时高三分之一。
The increasing demand for irrigation water to secure food for growing populations with limited water supply suggests re-thinking the use of non-conventional water resources. The latter includes saline drainage water, brackish groundwater and treated waste water. The effects of using saline drainage water (electrical conductivity of 4.2-4.8 dS m(-1)) to irrigate field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Floradade) using drip and furrow irrigation systems were evaluated, together with the distribution of soil moisture and salt. The saline water was either diluted to different salinity levels using fresh water (blended) or used cyclically with fresh water. The results of two seasons of study (2001 and 2002) showed that increasing salinity resulted in decreased leaf area index, plant dry weight, fruit total yield and individual fruit weight. In all cases, the growth parameters and yield as well as the water use efficiency were greater for drip irrigated tomato plants than furrow-irrigated plants. However, furrow irrigation produced higher individual fruit weight. The electrical conductivity of the soil solution (extracted 48 h after irrigation) showed greater fluctuations when cyclic water management was used compared to those plots irrigated with blended water. In both drip and furrow irrigation, measurements of soil moisture one day after irrigation, showed that soil moisture was higher at the top 20 cm layer and at the location of the irrigation water source; soil moisture was at a minimum in the root zone (20-40 cm layer), but showed a gradual increase at 40-60 and 60-90 cm and was stable at 90-120 cm depth. Soil water content decreased gradually as the distance from the irrigation water source increased. In addition, a few days after irrigation, the soil moisture content decreased, but the deficit was most pronounced in the surface layer. Soil salinity at the irrigation source was lower at a depth of 15 cm (surface layer) than that at 30 and 60 cm, and was minimal in deeper layers (i.e. 90 cm). Salinity increased as the distance from the irrigation source increased particularly in the surface layer. The results indicated that the salinity followed the water front. We concluded that the careful and efficient management of irrigation with saline water can leave the groundwater salinity levels unaffected and recommended the use of drip irrigation as the fruit yield per unit of water used was on average one-third higher than when using furrow irrigation.