Schistosomiasis in infants and preschool-aged children: Infection in a single Schistosoma haematobium and a mixed S. haematobium-S. mansoni foci of Niger
Schistosomiasis in infants and preschool-aged children: Infection in a single Schistosoma haematobium and a mixed S. haematobium-S. mansoni foci of Niger
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.03.005
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fenwick, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garba, Amadou;Barkire, Nouhou;Fenwick, Alan
血吸虫病对婴幼儿和学龄前儿童及其母亲造成的负担鲜为人知。我们在尼日尔的两个村庄进行了横断面流行病学调查：法尔马多只流行于血吸虫，而混合的血吸虫-S。迪亚巴拉报告了曼索尼焦点。这项调查调查了282名儿童(149名女孩，133名男孩，平均年龄：2.6岁)和224名母亲(平均年龄：30.1岁)。对于血吸虫的诊断，连续几天采集的两份尿样接受标准的尿液滤过方法。此外，还测定了大量和微量血尿。曼氏沙门氏菌的诊断是基于一份带有重复的加藤-卡茨厚涂片的粪便样本。在Diambala，向母亲发放了一份标准化的、预先测试的问卷，其中记录了人口统计数据、驱虫药的治疗历史、家庭卫生和水供应以及为孩子洗澡的做法。在福尔马多和迪亚巴拉，幼儿及其母亲的卵子专利嗜血杆菌感染率分别为50.5%和55.6%，60.5%和72.2%。曼氏葡萄球菌在Diambala的感染率为43.8%，母亲为52.1%。28.6%的儿童和37.3%的母亲发现血吸虫和曼氏葡萄球菌混合感染。问卷调查数据显示，69.8%的儿童在1岁前在母亲的陪同下去过血吸虫病传播点，四分之三的母亲直接从灌渠中取水给孩子洗澡。总而言之，5岁以下儿童中有相当一部分患有虫卵未闭的血吸虫病，包括与血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫的混合感染。在血吸虫病控制的背景下，应更多地关注学龄前儿童和育龄妇女，使他们能够受益于预防性化疗，这反过来可能增加感染者的有效覆盖率。(C)2010爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
The burden of schistosomiasis in infants and preschool-aged children and their mothers is poorly known. We carried out a cross-sectional epidemiological survey in two villages in Niger: Falmado is endemic for Schistosoma haematobium only, whereas a mixed S. haematobium-S. mansoni focus has been reported from Diambala. The survey examined 282 children (149 girls, 133 boys, average age: 2.6 years) and 224 mothers (average age: 30.1 years). For S. haematobium diagnosis, two urine samples obtained on consecutive days were subjected to the standard urine filtration method. Additionally, macro- and microhaematuria were determined. The diagnosis of S. mansoni was based on a single stool sample with duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. In Diambala, a standardised, pre-tested questionnaire was administered to mothers, which recorded demographic data, treatment history with anthelminthic drugs, household sanitation and water supply, and bathing practices for their children. Prevalence of egg-patent S. haematobium infections among young children and their mothers was respectively 50.5% and 55.6%, in Falmado, and 60.5% and 72.2% in Diambala. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection in Diambala was 43.8% among children and 52.1% in mothers. Mixed egg-patent infections of S. haematobium and S. mansoni were revealed in 28.6% of the children and 37.3% of the mothers. Questionnaire data showed that 69.8% of the children were accompanied by their mothers to schistosomiasis transmission sites before they were 1 year of age, and that three-quarter of the mothers used water directly drawn from the irrigation canals to wash their children. To conclude, a substantive proportion of children below the age of 5 years had egg-patent schistosomiasis, inclusive of co-infection with S. haematobium and S. mansoni. In the context of schistosomiasis control, more attention should be paid on preschool-aged children and women of childbearing age, so that they can benefit from preventive chemotherapy, which in turn might increase effective coverage of those infected. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.