Discovery of a Potential Human Serum Biomarker for Chronic Seafood Toxin Exposure Using an SPR Biosensor
Discovery of a Potential Human Serum Biomarker for Chronic Seafood Toxin Exposure Using an SPR Biosensor
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins11050293
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Grattan, Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lefebvre, Kathi A.;Yakes, Betsy Jean;Grattan, Lynn
近年来，产生软骨藻酸（DA）的有害藻华（HABs）以前所未有的地理范围和持续时间出现，导致这种常见的环境神经毒素对海产品的污染增加。该毒素是神经毒性疾病，健忘性贝类中毒（ASP），其特征是胃肠道不适，癫痫发作，记忆丧失和死亡。已建立的海产品安全监管限值为20 g DA/g贝类，在保护人类海产品消费者免受短期高水平暴露和急性ASP事件方面相对成功。然而，关于重复性低水平或慢性DA暴露的潜在影响，仍然存在重大关切，因为没有保护措施。在这里，我们报告了新发现的DA特异性抗体的血清中的长期暴露的部落贝类收割机从一个地区，DA通常是在低水平的剃刀蛤全年检测。在部落贝类消费者的尿样中也检测到了这种毒素，证实了通过食用合法收获的剃刀蛤的全身DA暴露。人类贝类消费者血清中存在DA特异性抗体证实了长期慢性DA暴露，并可能在临床环境中用作诊断生物标志物。长期低水平DA暴露的不良影响以前已在实验室动物研究和部落剃刀蛤消费者中记录，强调了这种诊断生物标志物对保护人类健康的潜在临床影响。发现这种类型的抗体对慢性DA暴露的反应对其他环境神经毒素的关注具有更广泛的意义。
Domoic acid (DA)-producing harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been present at unprecedented geographic extent and duration in recent years causing an increase in contamination of seafood by this common environmental neurotoxin. The toxin is responsible for the neurotoxic illness, amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), that is characterized by gastro-intestinal distress, seizures, memory loss, and death. Established seafood safety regulatory limits of 20 g DA/g shellfish have been relatively successful at protecting human seafood consumers from short-term high-level exposures and episodes of acute ASP. Significant concerns, however, remain regarding the potential impact of repetitive low-level or chronic DA exposure for which there are no protections. Here, we report the novel discovery of a DA-specific antibody in the serum of chronically-exposed tribal shellfish harvesters from a region where DA is commonly detected at low levels in razor clams year-round. The toxin was also detected in tribal shellfish consumers' urine samples confirming systemic DA exposure via consumption of legally-harvested razor clams. The presence of a DA-specific antibody in the serum of human shellfish consumers confirms long-term chronic DA exposure and may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker in a clinical setting. Adverse effects of chronic low-level DA exposure have been previously documented in laboratory animal studies and tribal razor clam consumers, underscoring the potential clinical impact of such a diagnostic biomarker for protecting human health. The discovery of this type of antibody response to chronic DA exposure has broader implications for other environmental neurotoxins of concern.