The Microclimate of Valley Glaciers
The Microclimate of Valley Glaciers
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
J. Oerlemans
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作者：
J. Oerlemans
冰川在整个历史上一直吸引着人类。冰川看起来坚固而坚固，但仅仅几年的观察就表明它们是动态的，并且一直在改变形状。冰川越低，与周围景观的反差就越大。世界上许多冰川进入牧场和森林。外行人、艺术家和科学家对大型山谷冰川的行为进行了报道，这并不奇怪。因此，人们可以获得大量有关历史时期冰川波动的信息，特别是来自阿尔卑斯山、挪威和冰岛的信息。结合地貌学研究的结果，已经有可能重建越来越多的冰川的历史。更系统的冰川测绘始于100年前。最全面的数据集与长度变化有关。对山谷冰川的长度进行年度观测相对容易。来自阿尔卑斯山俱乐部和其他组织的志愿者在编制一套令人印象深刻的数据集（世界冰川监测服务，苏黎世大学）方面发挥了重要作用。近年来，主要由于新的遥感技术，绘制和监测冰川的可能性大大增加。
Glaciers have fascinated mankind throughout history. Glaciers look solid and robust, but observing them for only a couple of years shows that they are dynamic and change shape all the time. The lower glaciers come, the greater the contrast with the surrounding landscape. Many glaciers in the world enter pastures and forests. It is not surprising that laymen, artists and scientists have reported on the behaviour of large valley glaciers. A wealth of information on glacier fluctuations in historical times has thus become available, notably from the Alps, Norway and Iceland. Combined with the results of geomorphological studies it has become possible to reconstruct the history of an ever growing number of glaciers. More systematic mapping of glaciers started only 100 years ago. The most comprehensive data set is related to length variations. It is relatively easy to make annual observations regarding the length of a valley glacier. Volunteers from Alpine clubs and other organisations have played an important role in compiling an impressive data set (World Glacier Monitoring Service, University of Zurich). In recent years the possibilities to map and monitor glaciers have increased enormously, mainly due to new remote sensing techniques.