Life-history patterns in serpulimorph polychaetes: ecological and evolutionary perspectives
Life-history patterns in serpulimorph polychaetes: ecological and evolutionary perspectives
复制标题
蛇形多毛类动物的生活史模式：生态和进化视角
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Rzhavsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kupriyanova;E. Nishi;H. A. Hove;A. Rzhavsky
本文总结了管虫（Serpulidae和Spirorbidae）的生活史信息。审查的主题是性行为模式，无性生殖，配子属性，繁殖力，产卵和受精，幼虫发育和形态，幼虫生态和行为（包括幼虫游泳，摄食，光反应和防御），育雏，定居和变态，长寿和死亡率。在该组中发现了雌雄异株、同时性和顺序性两性畸形，最后一种模式显然被低估了。无性繁殖通常导致菌落的形成。蛇形目卵的大小范围为40-200 11 m，螺形目卵的大小范围为80- 230 11 m。球形和细长头部的精子分别对应于传播和孵化。在serpulids的育雏方法的变化一直严重不足的报道，甚至超过spirorbids。发育是相似的喂养和非喂养的幼虫和发育事件是很容易在实验室中重现，直到发病的能力，之后幼虫需要特定的线索进行结算和变态。沉降受非特异性和基质特异性线索（同种，微生物膜，其他生物）的影响。幼年期的初期快速生长在以后的生命阶段减缓。生长速率受到定居后的因素和幼虫阶段经历的因素的影响。成熟是达到一定的身体大小，并取决于控制生长的因素。寿命从几个月的小Serpulids和spirorbids到35年的最大Serpulids。在胚胎早期和幼年期死亡率最高。多毛类蛇形虫卵大小的分布是双峰型的，但这种模式并不对应于摄食和非摄食发育，且摄食和非摄食幼虫的卵大小部分重叠。这种模式可以解释为高种间变异的有机物含量的鸡蛋和/或兼性幼虫喂养的一些serpulids。浮游生物的发育与幼虫的摄食密切相关，浮游生物的电营养是罕见的。幼虫喂养的潜在选择优势在于主管阶段持续时间的灵活性，这增加了找到合适基质的可能性。与其他群体一样，小体型与雌雄同体、育雏、E. K. Kupriy方差分析，E.西A. 10霍韦& A.五. RZHAVSK Y和非喂养发展。更广泛的概括需要更好地了解更多物种的生活史。整合系统发育分析到生活史研究应该有助于澄清在这组的生活史转变的方向，并确定系统发育的限制是否可以解释所观察到的生活史模式。
The paper summarises information on the life history of tubeworms (Serpulidae and Spirorbidae). Topics reviewed are sexuality patterns, asexual reproduction, gamete attributes, fecundity, spawning and fertilisation, larval development and morphology, larval ecology and behaviour (including larval swimming, feeding, photoresponse, and defences), brooding, settlement and metamorphosis, longevity and mortality. Gonochorism, simultaneous and sequential hermaphroditism are found in the group, the last pattern being apparently under-reported. Asexual reproduction commonly leads to the formation of colonies. The egg size range is 40-200 11m in serpulids and 80--230 11m in spirorbids. The sperms with spherical and with elongated heads correspond, respectively, to broadcasting and brooding. Variability of brooding methods in serpulids has been grossly under-reported and even exceeds that of spirorbids. Development is similar in feeding and non-feeding larvae and the developmental events are easily reproducible in the laboratory until the onset of competency, after which larvae require specific cues to proceed with settlement and metamorphosis. Settlement is affected by both non-specific and substratum-specific cues (conspecifics, microbial film, other organisms). Initial rapid juvenile growth slows down at later life stages. The growth rates are affected both by factors acting after the settlement and those experienced during the larval stage. Maturation is reached at a certain body size and depends on the factors controlling growth. Longevity varies from several months in small serpulids and spirorbids to 35 yr in the largest serpulids. Mortality is highest during the early embryonic and juvenile stages. The egg-size distribution in serpulimorph polychaetes is bimodal but the modes do not correspond to feeding and non-feeding development and egg sizes of species with feeding and non-feeding larvae partially overlap. This pattern may be explained by high interspecific variability in the organic content of eggs and/or facultative larval feeding of some serpulids. Planktonic development is strongly correlated with larval feeding, and planktonic lecitotrophy is rare. The potential selective advantage of larval feeding is in the flexibility of the duration of the competent stage that increases the possibility to locate suitable substrata. As in other groups, small body size correlates with simultaneous hermaphroditism, brooding, E. K. KUPRIY ANOVA, E. NISHI, H. A. TEN HOVE & A. V. RZHAVSK Y and non-feeding development. Broader generalisations require better knowledge of the life history of a greater number of species. Integration of phylogenetic analyses into life-history studies should help to clarify the direction of life-history transitions in this group and determine whether phylogenetic constraints can account for the observed life-history patterns.