A survey of pesticide residues in pollen loads collected by honey bees in France
A survey of pesticide residues in pollen loads collected by honey bees in France
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DOI：
10.1603/0022-0493-99.2.253
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Aubert, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chauzat, MP;Faucon, JP;Aubert, M
2002年，法国养蜂场开展了一项实地调查，以监测意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera，L.）殖民地蜜蜂平均分布在法国大陆的五个地点。在每个蜂箱中随机选择5个蜂群，总共研究了125个蜂群。对于3年（从2002年秋季开始），殖民地每年访问四次：冬季后，夏季前，夏季期间，冬季前。在每次访问时收集来自陷阱的花粉负载。在花粉中进行多残基分析，以搜索36种不同分子的残基。进行特定分析以搜索氟虫腈和代谢物以及吡虫啉和代谢物。样品中检出19种化合物的残留。农药污染率为50%至0%。在所有残留物中，蝇毒磷和氟胺氰菊酯残留物浓度最高（平均浓度分别为925.0和487.2微克/千克）。氟虫腈及其代谢产物含量上级优于检出限的有16份。10份样品中检出氟虫腈残留。9个样品含有砜化合物，3个样品含有双甲砜基化合物。在69%的样品中发现了吡虫啉和6-氯烟酸的残留。在11个样品中测定了咪达必利含量，其值为1.1至5.7微克/公斤。6-在28个样品中，氯烟酸含量上级超过定量限，其值范围为0.6 - 9.3 μ g/kg。统计检验显示，除氟虫腈外，不同采样地点之间无差异。这些污染物的可能来源，农药的浓度和毒性，以及蜜蜂的可能后果进行了讨论。
In 2002, a field survey was initiated oil French apiaries to monitor weakness of honey bee, Apis mellifera, L., colonies. Apiaries were evenly distributed in five sites located on continental France. Five colonies were randomly selected in each apiary, leading to a total of 125 studied honey bee colonies. For 3 yr (starting in autumn 2002), colonies were visited four times per year: after winter, before summer, during summer, and before winter. Pollen loads from traps were collected at each visit. Multiresidue analyses were performed in pollen to search residues of 36 different molecules. Specific analyses were conducted to search fipronil and metabolites and also imidacloprid and metabolites. Residues of 19 searched compounds were found in samples. Contamination by pesticides ranged from 50 to 0%. Coumaphos and tau-fluvalinate residues were the most concentrated of all residues (mean concentrations were 925.0 and 487.2 mu g/kg, respectively). Fipronil and metabolite contents were superior to the limit of detection in 16 samples. Residues of fipronil were found in 10 samples. Nine samples contained the sulfone compound, and three samples contained the desulfinyl compound. Residues of imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid were found in 69% of samples. Imidadoprid contents were quantified in 11 samples with values ranging from 1.1 to 5.7 mu g/kg. 6-Chloronicotinic acid content was superior to the limit of quantification in 28 samples with values ranging from 0.6 to 9.3 mu g/kg. Statistical tests showed no difference between places of sampling with the exception of fipronil. Possible origins of these contaminations, concentration and toxicity of pesticides, and the possible consequences for bees are discussed.