Mechanisms of working memory training: Insights from individual differences
Mechanisms of working memory training: Insights from individual differences
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DOI：
10.1016/j.intell.2019.01.010
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
von Bastian, Claudia C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meiran, Nachshon;Dreisbach, Gesine;von Bastian, Claudia C.
计算机化的工作记忆训练（WM），尽管通常在训练任务中产生很大的练习效果，但几乎只能可靠地转移到类似的任务，而几乎不能转移到流体智力（Gf）。我们假设，工作记忆训练任务逐渐变得不太相关的Gf由于特定任务的技能，减少对工作记忆的依赖的发展。因此，在训练的高级阶段所训练的内容与工作记忆和Gf的相关性很弱。这一假设导致预测，随着训练的进展，训练任务每次训练得分中个人的排名顺序（准单纯形）将逐渐变化，同时这些得分的Gf负荷有减少的趋势。我们重新分析了两个中等规模的已发表的研究中的训练任务中persession分数的个体差异。结果表明，正如预测的那样，每届会议的分数之间的相关性随着会议之间的时间距离的增加而下降，这表明一个准单纯形模式指示个人的等级排序的逐渐变化。然而，与预测相反，训练任务保持甚至倾向于增加他们的Gf负荷与训练进展。我们为这些结果提供了事后帐户，其中一些挑战流行的假设超越了试图通过改善WM来改善Gf。
Computerized working-memory training (WM), despite typically yielding large practice effects in the training task, transfers reliably almost only to similar tasks and barely transfers to Fluid Intelligence (Gf). We hypothesized that WM training tasks gradually become less related to Gf due to the development of task-specific skills that reduce reliance on WM. As a result, what is being trained in the advanced stages of training is weakly related to WM and Gf. This hypothesis leads to predicting that with training progression, there would be a gradual change in the rank-ordering of individuals (quasi-simplex) in the per-session scores of the training task coupled with a trend in reduction in Gf loadings of these scores. We reanalyzed individual differences in persession scores in the training task from two moderately large-scale published studies. Results show that, as predicted, the correlations between per-session scores decreased with increasing temporal distance between sessions, suggesting a quasi-simplex pattern indicative of a gradual change in the rank-ordering of individuals. However, contrary to the prediction, the training tasks maintained or even tended to increase their Gf loading with training progression. We provide post-hoc accounts for these results, some which challenge prevalent assumptions beyond the attempt to improve Gf through improving WM.