Enhanced soil temperature during very early growth and its association with maize development and yield in the Highlands of Kenya
Enhanced soil temperature during very early growth and its association with maize development and yield in the Highlands of Kenya
复制标题
肯尼亚高地早期生长期间土壤温度升高及其与玉米发育和产量的关系
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
R. Law
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Cooper;R. Law
总结以前的工作已经表明，玉米作物生长的前5周的平均土壤温度与最终的谷物产量之间有很强的关系，温暖的土壤导致更高的产量。1975年和1976年进行了试验，以确定在玉米作物生长的早期，较高的土壤温度会导致产量增加。种植时采用聚乙烯薄膜覆盖提高土壤温度，6次去除覆盖物：在作物出苗时，出苗后1，2，3，4和5周。土壤温度升高导致更大的发展速度和叶面积生产在早期生长。更大的叶面积是由于更大的叶片出苗率，而不是增加叶片的大小，因为土壤温度的增加与个人叶片大小的减少。这种趋势从叶数15开始逆转，导致抽雄时叶面积、叶重或总干物质无差异。尽管如此，观察到产量差异。在发芽过程中，土壤温度的增加对最终的粮食产量有有益的影响，这种影响随着时间的推移而增加。从出苗开始增加土壤温度超过3-4周不会进一步增加产量。1975年和1976年，产量分别从133和172克/株增加到220和238克/株。产量的增加与更多的粮食单株，而不是更大的晶粒尺寸。土壤温度升高导致产量增加的时期与顶端分生组织低于地面的时期相吻合。所涉及的机制尚不清楚。
Summary Previous work has shown a strong relationship between the mean soil temperature during the first 5 weeks of growth of a maize crop, and the final grain yield, warmer soils leading to greater yields. Trials were laid down in 1975 and 1976 to establish how early in the development of a maize crop higher soil temperatures would lead to increased yields. Soil temperatures were raised by polythene mulching applied at planting with six times of mulch removal: at crop emergence, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after emergence. Raised soil temperature led to a greater rate of development and leaf area production during early growth. Greater leaf area was due to greater leaf emergence rate rather than increase in leaf size, since increase in soil temperature was associated with a decrease in individual leaf size. This trend was reversed from leaf number 15 onwards resulting in no differences in leaf area, leaf weight or total dry matter at tasselling. In spite of this, yield differences were observed. Increase in soil temperature during germination alone had a beneficial effect on final grain yield, and this effect increased with duration. Increasing soil temperature for longer than 3–4 weeks from emergence caused no further yield increase. Yields increased from 133 and 172 g/ plant to 220 and 238 g/plant in 1975 and 1976 respectively. Yield increases were associated with more grains per plant rather than greater grain size. The period during which increased soil temperature led to increased yields coincided with the period when the apical meristem was below ground level. The mechanism involved is not yet clear.