Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants in car dust from Greece: Implications for human exposure
Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants in car dust from Greece: Implications for human exposure
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.132
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Covaci, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christia, Christina;Poma, Giulia;Covaci, Adrian
有机磷阻燃剂（PFR）和新兴的PFR（ePFR）是两类用作溴化阻燃剂（BFR）替代品的化合物。它们已经在室内灰尘中被检测到（主要是在家庭和办公室）。到目前为止，很少有研究调查汽车灰尘中的FR的发生，可能的健康风险的信息仍然有限。本研究报告了对八种目标全氟辛烷磺酸的水平和特征的调查：Tris磷酸（2-乙基己基）酯（TEHP），三三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）（2-丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（TBEP）、磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）、磷酸2-乙基己基二苯酯（EHDPHP）、三磷酸（1-氯-2-丙基）酯（TCIPP）、磷酸三甲苯酯（TCP）、三（1，3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（TDCIPP）和四种目标ePFR;来自希腊的汽车灰尘中的2，2-双（氯甲基）丙烷-1，3-二基四醛（2-氯乙基）二磷酸酯（V6）、异癸基二苯基磷酸酯（iDDPHP）、间苯二酚双（二苯基磷酸酯）（RDP）和双酚A-双（二苯基磷酸酯）（BDP）。这些样本是从希腊塞萨洛尼基的25辆私人汽车的内部收集的，这些汽车具有不同的制造年份（1997-2015）和原产地。在超声提取和弗罗里硅土分级分离后，通过GC-EI/MS进行PFR分析，而通过LC-MS/MS分析ePFR。Sigma（8）PFR的水平在2000至190，000 ng g（-1）之间变化，平均和中值浓度分别为20，000和11，500 ng g（-1）。Sigma（4）ePFR的浓度范围为44至8700 ng g（-1），平均值和中位数分别为1100和190 ng g（-1）。对人类接触的估计表明，幼儿比成人更多地接触全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸。然而，通过粉尘摄入和皮肤吸收的摄入量比相应的参考剂量低几个数量级。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and emerging PFRs (ePFRs) are two groups of compounds used as replacements for brominated flame retardants (BFRs). They have already been detected in indoor dust (mainly in homes and offices). To date, few studies investigated the occurrence of FRs in car dust and the information of possible health risks is still limited. The present study reports on the investigation of the levels and profiles of eight target PFRs: tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tri cresyl phosphate (TCP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and four target ePFRs; 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diyltetralds(2-chloroethyl)bisphosphate (V6), isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (iDDPHP), resorcinol bis(di-phenylphosphate) (RDP) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) in car dust from Greece. The samples were collected from the interior of 25 private cars in Thessaloniki, Greece, with different years of manufacture (1997-2015) and continents of origin. After ultrasonic extraction and Florisil fractionation, the PFR analysis was carried out by GC-EI/MS, whereas the ePFRs were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Levels of Sigma(8)PFRs varied from 2000 to 190,000 ng g(-1), with mean and median concentrations of 20,000 and 11,500 ng g(-1), respectively. The concentrations of Sigma(4)ePFRs ranged from 44 to 8700 ng g(-1), with mean and median values at 1100 and 190 ng g(-1), respectively. Estimations of human exposure showed that toddlers are more exposed than adults to both PFRs and ePFRs. Yet, the intake via dust ingestion and dermal absorption was several orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding reference doses. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.