Following "the Roots" of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries.
Following "the Roots" of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/968786
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Corazza O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cinosi E;Martinotti G;Simonato P;Singh D;Demetrovics Z;Roman-Urrestarazu A;Bersani FS;Vicknasingam B;Piazzon G;Li JH;Yu WJ;Kapitány-Fövény M;Farkas J;Di Giannantonio M;Corazza O
使用物质来增强人类能力是人类进化过程中一个持续的跨文化特征。虽然随着时间的推移发生了很大的变化，但因特网上的可用性往往得到误导性营销策略的支持，使其使用的可能性更大，风险更大。本文将探讨的情况下，Mitragyna speciosa Korth。（kratom），一种热带树木，传统上用于对抗疲劳和提高东南亚农场人口的工作效率，最近在西方国家成为流行的新型精神活性物质。具体而言，它（i）审查了kratom药理学和识别的最新技术;（ii）提供了跨文化kratom使用的全面概述;（iii）探索了用户的主观体验;（iv）确定了与其消费相关的潜在风险和副作用。最后，它的结论是，kratom的使用是不可忽视的，特别是自我药疗，需要更多的临床，药理学和社会人类学研究以及更好的国际合作来解决这个边缘探索的现象。
The use of substances to enhance human abilities is a constant and cross-cultural feature in the evolution of humanity. Although much has changed over time, the availability on the Internet, often supported by misleading marketing strategies, has made their use even more likely and risky. This paper will explore the case of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (kratom), a tropical tree used traditionally to combat fatigue and improve work productivity among farm populations in Southeast Asia, which has recently become popular as novel psychoactive substance in Western countries. Specifically, it (i) reviews the state of the art on kratom pharmacology and identification; (ii) provides a comprehensive overview of kratom use cross-culturally; (iii) explores the subjective experiences of users; (iv) identifies potential risks and side-effects related to its consumption. Finally, it concludes that the use of kratom is not negligible, especially for self-medication, and more clinical, pharmacological, and socioanthropological studies as well as a better international collaboration are needed to tackle this marginally explored phenomenon.