Nonlinear spatial integration in retinal bipolar cells shapes the encoding of artificial and natural stimuli.
Nonlinear spatial integration in retinal bipolar cells shapes the encoding of artificial and natural stimuli.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.015
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发表时间：
2021-05-19
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Gollisch T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schreyer HM;Gollisch T
视网膜将视觉场景分割成并行的信息通道，通过非线性处理提取特定的视觉特征。通常认为第一个非线性阶段发生在双极细胞的输出处，由突触末端的非线性发射器释放引起。相比之下，我们在这里表明，双极细胞本身可以在体膜电位水平上充当非线性处理元件。蝾螈视网膜双极细胞的细胞内记录揭示了双极细胞感受野中心内视觉信号频繁的非线性整合，影响了人工和自然刺激的编码。这些非线性提供了对双极细胞和下游神经节细胞中双极细胞感受野尺度以下的空间结构的敏感性，并且似乎在双极细胞的兴奋性输入时出现。因此，我们的数据表明非线性信号池比之前想象的更早开始：即在双极细胞的输入阶段。一些视网膜双极细胞以非线性方式表示视觉对比度 这些双极细胞还非线性地整合空间上的视觉信号 空间非线性影响双极细胞对自然刺激的编码 非线性来自前馈输入，而不是反馈抑制 在日光条件下脊椎动物视觉系统中的非线性处理通常被认为首先出现在视网膜双极细胞的输出处。 Schreyer 和 Gollisch 报告说，蝾螈视网膜中的某些双极细胞已经非线性地组合它们的输入，从而保持对视觉刺激的空间细节的高度敏感性。
The retina dissects the visual scene into parallel information channels, which extract specific visual features through nonlinear processing. The first nonlinear stage is typically considered to occur at the output of bipolar cells, resulting from nonlinear transmitter release from synaptic terminals. In contrast, we show here that bipolar cells themselves can act as nonlinear processing elements at the level of their somatic membrane potential. Intracellular recordings from bipolar cells in the salamander retina revealed frequent nonlinear integration of visual signals within bipolar cell receptive field centers, affecting the encoding of artificial and natural stimuli. These nonlinearities provide sensitivity to spatial structure below the scale of bipolar cell receptive fields in both bipolar and downstream ganglion cells and appear to arise at the excitatory input into bipolar cells. Thus, our data suggest that nonlinear signal pooling starts earlier than previously thought: that is, at the input stage of bipolar cells. Some retinal bipolar cells represent visual contrast in a nonlinear fashion These bipolar cells also nonlinearly integrate visual signals over space The spatial nonlinearity affects the encoding of natural stimuli by bipolar cells The nonlinearity results from feedforward input, not from feedback inhibition Nonlinear processing in the vertebrate visual system under daylight conditions is often thought to first arise at the output of retinal bipolar cells. Schreyer and Gollisch report that certain bipolar cells in salamander retina already nonlinearly combine their inputs and thereby retain high sensitivity to spatial details of visual stimuli.
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