'Applied science' in nineteenth-century Britain: public discourse and the creation of meaning, 1817-1876
'Applied science' in nineteenth-century Britain: public discourse and the creation of meaning, 1817-1876
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十九世纪英国的“应用科学”：公共话语和意义的创造，1817-1876
DOI：
10.1080/07341512.2014.921416
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Bud R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bud R
长期以来，“应用科学”一直是理论与实践之间空间的技术概念的竞争者。本文探讨了这个概念是如何出现在世纪中期的英国，通过公共领域的讨论，在一个循环的修辞联系在一起的新闻，新的教育机构的发展和工业变革的解释。对成就的英雄叙事的叙述和重印，通过宣布一个双方都感兴趣的受人尊敬的主题，巩固了“实践者”和“科学家”之间的联盟。在制度变革的过程中，应用科学的叙述被借鉴。编辑和企业主在当地环境中发挥了关键作用;他们对应用科学的兴趣刺激了旨在提供新形式技术教育的新大学的形成。使用“应用科学”的概念来描述科学和实践之间的空间，挑战了传统的“经验法则”作为车间工作的特征的概念。由于其内涵与过去和未来有关，这个术语既用于构建时间，也用于构建科学。
‘Applied science’ has long been a competitor with the concept of technology for the space between theory and praxis. This paper explores how the concept emerged in mid-nineteenth-century Britain through public sphere discussions in a cycle of rhetoric that linked the press, the development of new educational institutions and the interpretation of industrial change. The recounting and reprinting of heroic narratives of achievement served to cement alliances between ‘practical men’ and ‘men of science’ by proclaiming a respectable subject of common interest to which both could be associated. Narratives of applied science were drawn on in the process of institutional change. A key role was played by editors and business proprietors in local contexts; their interest in applied science stimulated the formation of new universities aimed at providing new forms of technical education. The use of the concept of ‘applied science’ to describe the space between science and practice challenged the traditional notion of ‘rule of thumb’ as a characterisation of shop work. With its connotations relating to both past and future, the term served to structure time as well as science.