Oxidative phosphorylation versus glycolysis: what fuel do spermatozoa use?
Oxidative phosphorylation versus glycolysis: what fuel do spermatozoa use?
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DOI：
10.4103/1008-682x.135123
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
van der Linde M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
du Plessis SS;Agarwal A;Mohanty G;van der Linde M
精子是高度特化的细胞。三磷酸腺苷（ATP）是精子的主要能量来源，由糖酵解和氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）两条代谢途径组成。它通过OXPHOS在线粒体中产生，以及通过糖酵解在鞭毛的头部和主要部分中产生。然而，对于精子主要利用哪种ATP产生方法来成功受精，存在很大的差异。与糖酵解相比，线粒体呼吸被认为是ATP合成的更有效的代谢过程。然而，研究表明，ATP从线粒体到鞭毛远端的扩散潜力不足以支持精子运动，这表明尾部区域的糖酵解是产生能量的首选途径。许多研究者认为，虽然糖酵解是鞭毛沿着ATP的主要来源，但精子运动所需的能量主要由线粒体呼吸产生。然而，一些研究表明，当糖酵解被抑制时，精子的正常功能和运动性保持不变，尽管目前还不清楚这种运动性是否可以持续很长一段时间，或者是否足以实现最佳受精。本文的目的是提供哺乳动物精子能量代谢的概述，并确定ATP生成的首选代谢途径，形成了人类精子在受精过程中的能量生产的基础。
Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides the energy for supporting the key functions of the spermatozoa, is formed by 2 metabolic pathways, namely glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). It is produced in the mitochondria through OXPHOS as well as in the head and principal piece of the flagellum through glycolysis. However, there is a great discrepancy as to which method of ATP production is primarily utilized by the spermatozoa for successful fertilization. Mitochondrial respiration is considered to be a more efficient metabolic process for ATP synthesis in comparison to glycolysis. However, studies have shown that the diffusion potential of ATP from the mitochondria to the distal end of the flagellum is not sufficient to support sperm motility, suggesting that glycolysis in the tail region is the preferred pathway for energy production. It is suggested by many investigators that although glycolysis forms the major source of ATP along the flagellum, energy required for sperm motility is mainly produced during mitochondrial respiration. Nevertheless, some studies have shown that when glycolysis is inhibited, proper functioning and motility of spermatozoa remains intact although it is unclear whether such motility can be sustained for prolonged periods of time, or is sufficiently vigorous to achieve optimal fertilization. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of mammalian sperm energy metabolism and identify the preferred metabolic pathway for ATP generation which forms the basis of energy production in human spermatozoa during fertilization.