Extensive air showers and ultra high-energy cosmic rays: a historical review
Extensive air showers and ultra high-energy cosmic rays: a historical review
复制标题
广泛的空气簇射和超高能宇宙射线：历史回顾
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Watson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kampert;A. Watson
20世纪30年代末，Rossi、Schmeiser、Bote、Kohlhörster和Auger在Bothe和Rossi的符合技术的推动下发现了广泛的空气簇射，为宇宙射线物理领域做出了基础性贡献，并为高能粒子物理奠定了基础。第二次世界大战后不久，美国麻省理工学院的宇宙射线小组率先对空气簇射现象进行了详细研究，他们的实验技能为当今使用的许多方法和仪器奠定了基础。很快人们的兴趣就集中在需要更大探测器操作的最高能量上。日本和美国研究小组在 20 世纪 70 年代初首次探测到空气荧光，标志着这一目标的重要实验突破，因为它允许通过光学望远镜监测大量大气。 20 世纪 60 年代首创的气簇射电观测目前正在复兴，并可能再次彻底改变该领域。在过去的七年里，这项研究经历了许多起起落落，但也经历了一些挫折。然而，天鹅座 X-3 故事的例子表明，即使是未经证实的观测也可以通过推动新仪器的发现和塑造整个科学界来产生巨大的影响。
The discovery of extensive air showers by Rossi, Schmeiser, Bothe, Kohlhörster and Auger at the end of the 1930s, facilitated by the coincidence technique of Bothe and Rossi, led to fundamental contributions in the field of cosmic ray physics and laid the foundation for high-energy particle physics. Soon after World War II a cosmic ray group at MIT in the USA pioneered detailed investigations of air shower phenomena and their experimental skill laid the foundation for many of the methods and much of the instrumentation used today. Soon interests focussed on the highest energies requiring much larger detectors to be operated. The first detection of air fluorescence light by Japanese and US groups in the early 1970s marked an important experimental breakthrough towards this end as it allowed huge volumes of atmosphere to be monitored by optical telescopes. Radio observations of air showers, pioneered in the 1960s, are presently experiencing a renaissance and may revolutionise the field again. In the last 7 decades the research has seen many ups but also a few downs. However, the example of the Cygnus X-3 story demonstrated that even non-confirmable observations can have a huge impact by boosting new instrumentation to make discoveries and shape an entire scientific community.