Covert Millimeter-Wave Communication: Design Strategies and Performance Analysis
Covert Millimeter-Wave Communication: Design Strategies and Performance Analysis
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DOI：
10.1109/twc.2021.3123307
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发表时间：
2022-06-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Mahdavifar, Hessam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jamali, Mohammad Vahid;Mahdavifar, Hessam
在本文中，我们调查了毫米波（MMWAVE）频率的秘密通信。特别是，一种称为爱丽丝的MMWave发射器试图可靠地与接收者通信，称为鲍勃，同时隐藏了被称为威利（Willie）的看守人的沟通。在这方面，在MMWave频段上运行不仅要归功于方向光束，而且还会提高传输数据速率，并且由于与常规无线无线电相比，由于使用的较低波长而启用了更多可用的带宽，并启用了超低的形式收发器频率（RF）对应物。我们首先假设发射器爱丽丝采用两个独立的天线阵列，其中其中一个阵列是形成指令光束，以向BOB进行数据传输。爱丽丝使用另一个天线阵列将另一个光束朝威利（Willie）作为堵塞信号产生，同时在跨传输块上独立更改发射功率，以实现所需的遮盖力。对于此双光束设置，我们从爱丽丝的角度来表征Willie的检测错误率和其预期值的封闭形式。然后，我们为Alice-Bob链接的中断概率得出了闭合形式的表达式，该表达式可以表征使用建议的设置可以实现的最佳秘密率。我们进一步获得了Alice-Bob链接的厄乳态能力的可拖动形式，该链接仅涉及一维积分，这些积分可以在通道参数的大多数范围内以封闭形式计算。最后，我们强调了如何将结果扩展到更实际的场景，尤其是对于没有被动监狱长位置的完美信息的情况。我们的结果证明了与RF对应物相比，Covert MMWave通信的优势。本文的研究是使用MMWave系统探索秘密通信的第一次分析尝试。
In this paper, we investigate covert communication over millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies. In particular, a mmWave transmitter, referred to as Alice, attempts to reliably communicate to a receiver, referred to as Bob, while hiding the existence of communication from a warden, referred to as Willie. In this regard, operating over the mmWave bands not only increases the covertness thanks to directional beams, but also increases the transmission data rates given much more available bandwidths and enables ultra-low form factor transceivers due to the lower wavelengths used compared to the conventional radio frequency (RF) counterpart. We first assume that the transmitter Alice employs two independent antenna arrays in which one of the arrays is to form a directive beam for data transmission to Bob. The other antenna array is used by Alice to generate another beam toward Willie as a jamming signal while changing the transmit power independently across the transmission blocks in order to achieve the desired covertness. For this dual-beam setup, we characterize Willie's detection error rate with the optimal detector and the closed-form of its expected value from Alice's perspective. We then derive the closed-form expression for the outage probability of the Alice-Bob link, which enables characterizing the optimal covert rate that can be achieved using the proposed setup. We further obtain tractable forms for the ergodic capacity of the Alice-Bob link involving only one-dimensional integrals that can be computed in closed forms for most ranges of the channel parameters. Finally, we highlight how the results can be extended to more practical scenarios, particularly to the cases where perfect information about the location of the passive warden is not available. Our results demonstrate the advantages of covert mmWave communication compared to the RF counterpart. The research in this paper is the first analytical attempt in exploring covert communication using mmWave systems.