The highs and lows of theoretical interpretation in animal-metacognition research.
The highs and lows of theoretical interpretation in animal-metacognition research.
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动物元认知研究中理论解释的高潮和低谷。
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2011.0366
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Beran,MichaelJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Smith,JDavid;Couchman,JustinJ;Beran,MichaelJ
人类感到不确定。他们知道自己什么时候不知道。这些感受和对它们的反应是元认知研究文献的基础。动物是否具有这种认知能力是一个自然的问题，因此动物元认知已经成为比较心理学中一个有影响力的研究领域。研究人员通过使用感知和记忆范式测试了许多物种，探索了这个问题。一种新兴的共识是，动物与人类的有意识元认知在功能上有相似之处。当然，这一研究领域提出了科学推理的难题。我们应该多坚定地坚持动物的表演是低级的和联想的？要得出动物与人类共享元认知能力的结论，我们应该把标准定得多高？这个领域为考虑比较心理学家经常面临的理论问题提供了一个建设性的案例研究。作者提出了这个案例研究，并解决了比较心理学中科学判断和解释的各种问题。
Humans feel uncertain. They know when they do not know. These feelings and the responses to them ground the research literature on metacognition. It is a natural question whether animals share this cognitive capacity, and thus animal metacognition has become an influential research area within comparative psychology. Researchers have explored this question by testing many species using perception and memory paradigms. There is an emerging consensus that animals share functional parallels with humans’ conscious metacognition. Of course, this research area poses difficult issues of scientific inference. How firmly should we hold the line in insisting that animals’ performances are low-level and associative? How high should we set the bar for concluding that animals share metacognitive capacities with humans? This area offers a constructive case study for considering theoretical problems that often confront comparative psychologists. The authors present this case study and address diverse issues of scientific judgment and interpretation within comparative psychology.