Long-range transport of carbon monoxide from tropical ground to upper troposphere: a case study for South East Asia in October 1997
Long-range transport of carbon monoxide from tropical ground to upper troposphere: a case study for South East Asia in October 1997
复制标题
一氧化碳从热带地面到对流层上层的远距离输送：1997 年 10 月东南亚的案例研究
DOI：
10.3402/tellusb.v54i1.16646
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Sawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Taguchi;H. Matsueda;H. Inoue;Y. Sawa
摘要1997年10月在热带西太平洋对流层上层观测到高浓度的一氧化碳（CO）。利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）提供的同化气象资料，建立了全球化学输送模式（CTM），研究了热带地区生物质燃烧产生的潜在CO源的输送。一个CTM评估模拟使用水蒸气表明，大尺度流动的水分垂直输送量是一致的，在对流区预测的降水。一系列的CTM模拟使用10天的排放期的人工材料与寿命为60天表明，在印度尼西亚群岛的地面空气的垂直升降发生在苏门答腊岛以西的集中对流。没有证据表明来自亚马逊地区或非洲的CO对热带太平洋西部的高浓度有显著贡献。通过快速的垂直输送和辐散流，输送在对流层顶下方形成了一个大规模的铁砧。从加里曼丹和苏门答腊岛到CO高浓度点的平均时间约为15天。南半球10公里高度的高浓度是由对流层上部最大值的大规模沉降所输送的，据推测，这种沉降是由加里曼丹和苏门答腊岛的来源产生的。加里曼丹和苏门答腊9月和10月的估计二氧化碳排放量大大高于先前的估计。化学反应的遗漏可能是高估的一个问题，但不显著。传输过程中可能存在的问题是由于CTM的水平（2.5×2.5°）和垂直分辨率不足，对流层上部风场不准确，对流层上部的辐散流型，导致CTM传输不正确。
Abstract High concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) were observed in October 1997 at the upper troposphere of the western tropical Pacific. Transport from the potential sources of CO due to biomass burnings in the tropics was investigated by using a global chemical transport model (CTM) driven by assimilated meteorological data provided from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). A CTM evaluation simulation using water vapor showed that the amount of vertical transport of moisture by large-scale flow was consistent with the precipitation predicted at the convective zone. A series of CTM simulations using 10-day emission periods of an artificial material with lifetime of 60 days indicated that vertical lifting of surface air at the Indonesian archipelago occurred in the concentrated convections west of Sumatra Island. No evidence was found that CO from the Amazon region or Africa significantly contributed to high concentrations in the western tropical Pacific. Transport formed a large-scale anvil below the tropopause by rapid vertical transport and by divergence flow. The average time required for the transport from Kalimantan and Sumatra Island to the point of high CO concentration was about 15 days. High concentrations at an altitude of 10 km in the Southern Hemisphere were transported by large-scale subsidence from the upper tropospheric maximum, which was presumably produced from the sources at Kalimantan and Sumatra Island. Estimated emissions of CO in September and October from Kalimantan and Sumatra were substantially larger than the previous estimates. Omission of chemical reaction was a possible problem for the overestimate, but not significant. The possible problems in the transport were incorrect CTM transport due to insufficient horizontal (2.5×2.5°) and vertical resolution of the CTM, and to inaccuracy in the wind fields at the upper part of the troposphere and a divergent flow pattern in the upper part of the troposphere.