Systematic variability in repetitious travel
Systematic variability in repetitious travel
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00167983
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发表时间：
1988-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
S. Hanson;O. Huff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hanson;O. Huff
本文的重点是个人旅行模式的日常变化在多大程度上具有系统或非随机成分。我们首先回顾了旅行可变性的不同来源，强调了个体间和个体内变化的差异以及这种差异对旅行分析的影响。在讨论了测量（即测量旅行行为的方式）对重复和变异性研究的影响之后，我们使用Uppsala数据来检查个人纵向旅行记录中的系统变异性水平。分析集中在两个问题上：-一周的观察能在多大程度上捕捉到长期（五周）的旅行行为；换句话说，行为是否每周都是高度重复的？-个体内部变异的系统性如何；换句话说，在五周的记录中，某些站点是否以非随机的方式分布，即规则或聚集的方式？使用包含多个停留属性（例如活动、模式、时间和地点）的旅行测量方法，我们发现：- 7天的旅行记录并不能捕捉到个人在5周期间表现出的大多数单独行为，但它确实捕获了大多数人不同典型的日常旅行模式的良好样本。-尽管相当一部分的个体变异是系统的（非随机的），但聚类是比规律性更重要的非随机变异来源。结果表明，对于一周的旅行记录来说，行为并没有足够紧密地遵循每周的周期，从而无法衡量个人在某些地方停留的长期频率，也无法评估个人记录中出现的日常变化水平。由于这些结果很可能反映了我们使用的特定行为测量方法，因此本研究的一个结论是，需要进行其他研究，以复制本研究的目标，但使用各种其他旅行测量方法。只有通过这些额外的工作，我们才能真正评估我们的发现对测量技术的敏感性。
The focus of this paper is the degree to which day-to-day variability in the individual's travel pattern has a systematic, or nonrandom, component. We first review the different sources of variability in travel, emphasizing the difference between between-individual and within-individual variation and the implications of this difference for travel analysis. After discussing the impact of measurement (i.e. the way in which travel behavior is measured) on the study of repetition and variability, we use the Uppsala data to examine the level of systematic variability in an individual's longitudinal travel record. The analysis focuses on two questions:- How well does observation over one week capture longer-term (five-week) travel behavior; in other words, is behavior highly repetitive from week to week?- How systematic is within-individual variability; in other words, are certain stops distributed over the five-week record in a nonrandom, that is either regular or clustered, fashion?Using measures of travel that include more than one stop attribute (e.g. activity, mode, time of day, and location), we found that:- A seven-day record of travel does not capture most of the separate behaviors exhibited by the individual over a five-week period, but it does capture, for most people, a good sampling of the person's different typical daily travel patterns.- Whereas a considerable portion of intraindividual variability is systematic (nonrandom), clustering is a more important source of nonrandom variation than is regularity.The results suggest that behavior does not follow a weekly cycle closely enough for a one-week travel record to measure the longer-term frequency with which the individual makes certain stops or to assess the level of day-to-day variation present in the individual's record. Because these results are likely to reflect the particular measures of behavior we used, one conclusion of this study is the need for other studies that replicate the aims of this one but use a variety of other travel measures. Only through such additional work can we truly assess the sensitivity of our findings to measurement techniques.