Tools and concepts for sustainable development, how do they relate to a general framework for sustainable development, and to each other?
Tools and concepts for sustainable development, how do they relate to a general framework for sustainable development, and to each other?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0959-6526(00)00011-1
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发表时间：
2000-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
K. Robèrt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Robèrt
我们提出了一个规划可持续性的总体框架，然后将其与一些众所周知的可持续发展工具联系起来。这个框架遵循一个系统如何构成的原则（生态和社会原则），并包含对系统有利的结果的原则（可持续性），以及实现这一结果的过程的原则（可持续发展）。可持续性原则定义了有利的结果，并将解决问题的上游指向问题的根源。然后通过从已定义的结果到当前问题的反推算来构建活动计划。接下来是“度量标准”，即用于度量和监视活动的各种概念。大多数可持续发展的概念和工具都是作为指标发挥作用的，例如生命周期评估（LCA）、生态足迹（EF）和因素x。环境管理体系（EMS），如ISO 14001或EMAS，是一种行政工具，应该系统地将公司的具体成果、活动和指标与可持续发展的总体框架结合起来。从战略角度来看，度量标准应该衡量活动与可持续性框架中包含的原则的一致性。框架不是度量的概念和工具的替代品。我们都需要它们，因为它们代表了相互关联的不同战略规划层次。
We present a general framework to plan for sustainability and then relate it to some well-known tools for sustainable development. This framework follows from principles for how a system is constituted (ecological and social principles), and contains principles for a favorable outcome for the system (sustainability), as well as principles for the process to reach this outcome (sustainable development). The principles for sustainability define the favorable outcome and direct problem-solving upstream towards problem-sources. A program of activities is then constructed by backcasting from defined outcomes to the current problems. This is followed by “metrics”, i.e. various concepts for measuring and monitoring the activities. Most concepts and tools for sustainable development function as metrics, for instance life cycle assessment (LCA), ecological footprinting (EF), and Factor X. An environmental management system (EMS), like ISO 14001 or EMAS, is an administrative vehicle that should systematically align a firm's specific outcomes, activities and metrics with a general framework for sustainability. From a strategic point of view, metrics should measure alignment of activities with the principles contained in a framework for sustainability. A framework is not an alternative to concepts and tools for metrics. We need them all, because they represent different interrelated levels of strategic planning.