Rational engineering of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for biomedical applications with nanotoxicological perspectives.
Rational engineering of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for biomedical applications with nanotoxicological perspectives.
复制标题
具有纳米毒理学观点的生物医学应用的纳米材料物理化学特性的合理工程。
DOI：
10.1186/s40580-016-0064-z
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Daima HK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Navya PN;Daima HK
创新的工程纳米材料处于纳米生物技术和纳米医学快速新兴领域的前沿。金属的合成、独特的物理化学性质、材料表面化学或生物部分的表现使得工程化纳米结构适合于各种生物医学应用。此外，定制的纳米材料由于其定制的独特的物理化学和表面性质，具有更好的功能性，灵敏度，效率和特异性，显示出全新的治疗应用。此外，这种设计师制作的纳米材料具有与各种生物实体（包括DNA、蛋白质、膜、细胞和细胞器）在纳米生物界面处产生一系列相互作用的潜力。这些纳米生物相互作用是由胶体力驱动的，主要取决于纳米材料的动态物理化学和表面性质。尽管如此，最近的发展和原子尺度的各种物理，化学和表面性质的纳米材料的剪裁是有希望的，以预期的方式与生物实体的生物医学应用程序规定他们的相互作用。因此，合理设计的纳米材料在生物分子检测和诊断、治疗、药物和基因递送、荧光标记、组织工程、生物化学传感和其他药物应用中具有广泛的需求。然而，与工程纳米材料相关的毒性和风险是相当不清楚或没有得到很好的理解;这是越来越多的关注和纳米毒理学领域正在迅速发展。因此，本综述探讨了目前的知识，阐明工程纳米材料的生物医学应用，特别注意潜在的毒理学观点。
Innovative engineered nanomaterials are at the leading edge of rapidly emerging fields of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Meticulous synthesis, unique physicochemical properties, manifestation of chemical or biological moieties on the surface of materials make engineered nanostructures suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Besides, tailored nanomaterials exhibit entirely novel therapeutic applications with better functionality, sensitivity, efficiency and specificity due to their customized unique physicochemical and surface properties. Additionally, such designer made nanomaterials has potential to generate series of interactions with various biological entities including DNA, proteins, membranes, cells and organelles at nano-bio interface. These nano-bio interactions are driven by colloidal forces and predominantly depend on the dynamic physicochemical and surface properties of nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent development and atomic scale tailoring of various physical, chemical and surface properties of nanomaterials is promising to dictate their interaction in anticipated manner with biological entities for biomedical applications. As a result, rationally designed nanomaterials are in extensive demand for bio-molecular detection and diagnostics, therapeutics, drug and gene delivery, fluorescent labelling, tissue engineering, biochemical sensing and other pharmaceuticals applications. However, toxicity and risk associated with engineered nanomaterials is rather unclear or not well understood; which is gaining considerable attention and the field of nanotoxicology is evolving promptly. Therefore, this review explores current knowledge of articulate engineering of nanomaterials for biomedical applications with special attention on potential toxicological perspectives.