Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence: Fluorescence and Dissolved Organic Matter
Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence: Fluorescence and Dissolved Organic Matter
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水生有机物荧光：荧光和溶解有机物
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9781139045452.005
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
G. Aiken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Aiken
在过去的30年中，溶解有机物（DOM）在水生系统中的重要性已被清楚地认识到。水系统中的DOM化合物通常通过影响pH值来控制生态过程，作为微生物介导反应的底物（Tranvik，1998; Findlay，2003），控制透光层的深度（Wetzel，2001），并影响营养物质的可用性（Qualls和Richardson，2003）。DOM还对地球化学施加强有力的化学控制（Hoch等人，2000; Waples等人，2005）和光化学（Moran和Covert，2003; Stubbins等人，2008）反应，并与痕量金属强烈相互作用（Perdue，1998; Haitzer等人，2002）和有机污染物（Chin，2003），增强了它们的表观溶解度和迁移。此外，DOM是饮用水供应中令人担忧的成分，因为它在处理过程中形成消毒副产物（Singer，1994年; Kraus等人，2008），并且是构成废水的一类重要化合物（Baker，2001; Westerhoff等人，2001年）。天然沃茨中有机物的性质和环境意义的研究因其固有的化学复杂性而受到阻碍，这造成了一些分析问题（Aiken和Leenheer，1993年）。因此，一个持续的需求是开发分析方法，提供相关的数据，定义其组成，从而，反应性。DOM的光学性质，如紫外（UV）-可见光谱、光谱斜率参数、特定UV吸收（SUVA 254）和荧光光谱，已被证明在水科学的许多学科中用于研究和监测水生系统中DOM的浓度和性质（Weishaar等人，2003; Helms等人，2008; Spencer等人，2009年）。利用光学数据是研究DOM的一种有吸引力的方法，因为数据收集容易且直接，数据提供关于DOM的浓度和组成的信息（Weishaar等人，2003; Spencer等人，2009），并且检测器系统可以用于各种基于过程的研究和分离技术以研究DOM组成。此外，可以原位获得光学数据，从而允许真实的时间中的高频环境数据的收集，其可以用于更好地理解源影响和系统内发生的对DOM的化学和输出的处理（Downing等人，2009; Saraceno等人，2009年）。
The importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems has been clearly recognized during the past 30 years. The compounds that comprise DOM in aqueous systems often control ecological processes by influencing pH, serving as substrates for microbially mediated reactions (Tranvik, 1998; Findlay, 2003), controlling the depth of the photic zone (Wetzel, 2001), and influencing the availability of nutrients (Qualls and Richardson, 2003). DOM also exerts strong chemical controls on geochemical (Hoch et al., 2000; Waples et al., 2005) and photochemical (Moran and Covert, 2003; Stubbins et al., 2008) reactions, and interacts strongly with trace metals (Perdue, 1998; Haitzer et al., 2002) and organic pollutants (Chin, 2003), enhancing their apparent solubility and transport. In addition, DOM is a constituent of concern in drinking water supplies through the formation of disinfection byproducts during the treatment process (Singer, 1994; Kraus et al., 2008), and is an important class of compounds comprising wastewaters (Baker, 2001; Westerhoff et al., 2001). The study of the nature and environmental significance of organic matter in natural waters is hindered by its inherent chemical complexity, which poses a number of analytical problems (Aiken and Leenheer, 1993). A continuing need, therefore, is the development of analytical approaches that provide relevant data defining both its composition and, thus, reactivity. DOM optical properties, such as ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, the spectral slope parameter, specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), and fluorescence spectroscopy, have been shown to be useful in a number of disciplines in the water sciences for studying and monitoring both the concentration and nature of DOM in aquatic systems (Weishaar et al., 2003; Helms et al., 2008; Spencer et al., 2009). Utilizing optical data is an attractive approach for studying DOM because data collection is easy and straightforward, the data provide information about both the concentration and composition of DOM (Weishaar et al., 2003; Spencer et al., 2009), and detector systems can be employed for a variety of process-based studies and separation techniques to study DOM composition. In addition, optical data can be obtained in situ, allowing for the collection of high-frequency environmental data in real time that can be used to understand better the source influences and processing occurring within the system on the chemistry and export of DOM (Downing et al., 2009; Saraceno et al., 2009).