A Single Interacting Species Leads to Widespread Parallel Evolution of the Stickleback Genome.
A Single Interacting Species Leads to Widespread Parallel Evolution of the Stickleback Genome.
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单一相互作用的物种导致刺鱼基因组的广泛平行进化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2018.12.044
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schluter,Dolph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Miller,SaraE;Roesti,Marius;Schluter,Dolph
生物相互作用是自然选择和不同表型进化的强大而广泛的原因，并可能导致野生种群中基因流动的遗传分化（“生态隔离”）[1-4]。据预测，生物选择比非生物选择作用于更多的基因，从而推动更大的适应性。然而，分离单一生物选择因子的全基因组效应的困难限制了我们识别和量化响应生物选择的遗传区域的数量和类型的能力[6-9]。我们确定了地理上分散的湖泊，在这些湖泊中，三刺刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）反复适应了生态群落中单一成员刺刺鱼（Cottus asper）的存在或缺失，刺刺鱼既是刺鱼的竞争对手，也是刺鱼的捕食者。全基因组测序显示，刺鱼种群的遗传差异主要是由雕刻的存在与否造成的，而不是地理位置。两种湖泊类型内部和湖泊类型之间的基因组变异主轴与多种性状相关，表明在生物环境梯度中存在平行的自然选择。基因组的很大一部分——约1.8%，包含600多个基因——将棘鱼与两种生物环境区分开来。分化发生在141个离散的基因组团块中，这些基因组团块主要位于重组率低的区域，这表明由殖民祖先种群带入湖泊的基因通常在连锁块中一起进化。强大的选择和丰富的遗传变异解释了生物群落中的一个成员如何能够产生如此迅速和深刻的进化影响。
Biotic interactions are potent, widespread causes of natural selection and divergent phenotypic evolution and can lead to genetic differentiation with gene flow among wild populations ("isolation by ecology") [1–4]. Biotic selection has been predicted to act on more genes than abiotic selection thereby driving greater adaptation [5]. However, difficulties in isolating the genome-wide effect of single biotic agents of selection have limited our ability to identify and quantify the number and type of genetic regions responding to biotic selection [6–9]. We identified geographically interspersed lakes in which threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have repeatedly adapted to the presence or absence of a single member of the ecological community, prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), a fish that is both a competitor and a predator of the stickleback [10]. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that sculpin presence or absence accounted for the majority of genetic divergence among stickleback populations, more so than geography. The major axis of genomic variation within and between the two lake types was correlated with multiple traits, indicating parallel natural selection across a gradient of biotic environments. A large proportion of the genome—about 1.8%, encompassing more than 600 genes—differentiated stickleback from the two biotic environments. Divergence occurred in 141 discrete genomic clumps located mainly in regions of low recombination, suggesting that genes brought to lakes by the colonizing ancestral population often evolved together in linked blocks. Strong selection and a wealth of standing genetic variation explain how a single member of the biotic community can have such a rapid and profound evolutionary impact.