Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Disease Emergence in Freshwater Fish in the United Kingdom
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Disease Emergence in Freshwater Fish in the United Kingdom
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01150.x
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Peeler, E. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marcos-Lopez, M.;Gale, P.;Peeler, E. J.
一个风险框架已经被开发出来，以研究气候变化对英国疾病发生的影响。鱼类的免疫反应和病原体的复制往往与水温相关，表现为感染和临床疾病的温度范围。这些数据进行审查的主要地方性和外来疾病的威胁淡水鱼。水温升高将改变平衡，有利于宿主或病原体，改变疾病的频率和分布。随着水温的升高，一些鲑鱼的地方病（例如肠道红斑、疖、增生性肾病和白色斑点）将变得更加普遍和难以控制。鲤鱼疱疹病毒在鲤鱼渔业中的爆发可能在每年夏季的较长时间内发生。气候变化也改变了与外来病原体相关的威胁程度。病毒性出血性败血症（VHSV），传染性造血坏死病毒（IHNV）和鲤鱼病毒（SVCV）的春季病毒血症的风险下降，因为感染通常只在水温低于14摄氏度时才建立VHSV和IHNV和SCVC 17摄氏度。感染其他外来病原体（动物流行性造血器官坏死和动物流行性溃疡综合征）的风险增加。加尔维乳球菌在欧洲向北的传播可能会继续，因此更有可能被引入并建立。需要修订减少外来病原体威胁的措施，以应对不断变化的外来疾病威胁。水温升高和极端天气事件（如风暴）的负面影响可能会改变淡水环境，对野生和养殖鲑鱼种群产生不利影响，增加它们对疾病的易感性和疾病出现的可能性。对于野生种群，监测和风险缓解需要侧重于最有可能因气候变化而出现疾病的地点。
P>A risk framework has been developed to examine the influence of climate change on disease emergence in the United Kingdom. The fish immune response and the replication of pathogens are often correlated with water temperature, which manifest as temperature ranges for infection and clinical diseases. These data are reviewed for the major endemic and exotic disease threats to freshwater fish. Increasing water temperatures will shift the balance in favour of either the host or pathogen, changing the frequency and distribution of disease. A number of endemic diseases of salmonids (e.g. enteric red mouth, furunculosis, proliferative kidney disease and white spot) will become more prevalent and difficult to control as water temperatures increase. Outbreaks of koi herpesvirus in carp fisheries are likely to occur over a longer period each summer. Climate change also alters the threat level associated with exotic pathogens. The risk of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHSV), infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) declines as infection generally only establishes when water temperatures are less than 14 degrees C for VHSV and IHNV and 17 degrees C for SCVC. The risk of establishment of other exotic pathogens (epizootic haematopoietic necrosis and epizootic ulcerative syndrome) increases. The spread of Lactococcus garvieae northwards in Europe is likely to continue, and thus is more likely to be both introduced and become established. Measures to reduce the threat of exotic pathogens need to be revised to account for the changing exotic diseases threat. Increasing water temperatures and the negative effects of extreme weather events (e.g. storms) are likely to alter the freshwater environment adversely for both wild and farmed salmonid populations, increasing their susceptibility to disease and the likelihood of disease emergence. For wild populations, surveillance and risk mitigation need to be focused on locations where disease emergence, as a result of climate change, is most likely.