Incidence of Phytophthora species in oak forests in Austria and their possible involvement in oak decline
Incidence of Phytophthora species in oak forests in Austria and their possible involvement in oak decline
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1439-0329.2003.00318.x
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Halmschlager, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balci, Y;Halmschlager, E
1999年4月至5月和2000年6月对奥地利栎树生态系统疫霉发生情况进行了调查。调查是在分布在奥地利东部橡树林区的35个研究地点进行的。调查对象包括栎、栎、栎、栎和栎。根际土壤样品取自样本树木，从树冠透明度可以看出，样本树木分为健康树和衰败树。以橡树幼叶为饵料回收疫霉。在奥地利栎林中检出的疫霉属菌群包括栎疫霉、citricola疫霉、gonapodyides疫霉、europaea疫霉和syringae疫霉5种。quercina和citricola分别从11个和7个地点分离，是最常见和分布最广的种。其他三种只被零星地发现。citricola可分为两种形态和遗传特征良好的类型（A和B）。疫霉种类，特别是常见的槲皮疫霉和柠檬酸疫霉，发生在土壤类型、土壤质地和水分等级多种多样的地点。此外，在不同土壤深度（0 ~ 10 cm、10 ~ 20 cm和20 ~ 40 cm），疫霉菌侵染位点和无疫霉菌侵染位点的镁、钙、铝、氮和碳含量均存在显著差异。本研究的结果提供了间接证据，证明疫霉物种参与了奥地利某些地点的橡树衰退。
A survey on the occurrence of Phytophthora species in oak ecosystems in Austria was conducted from April to May 1999 and in June 2000. The investigations were carried out at 35 study sites distributed throughout the zone of oak forests in eastern Austria. Four oak species, including Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. cerris and Q. pubescens were considered in the survey. Rhizosphere soil samples were taken from sample trees, which consisted of healthy and declining trees as indicated by their crown transparency. Young oak leaflets were used as baits to recover Phytophthora species. The assemblage of Phytophthora spp. detected in Austrian oak forests consisted of five species, including Phytophthora quercina, P. citricola, P. gonapodyides, P. europaea and P. syringae . P. quercina and P. citricola were isolated from 11 and seven sites, respectively, and were thus the most common and most widely distributed species. The three other species were recovered only sporadically. P. citricola could be separated into two morphologically and genetically well-characterized types (A and B). Phytophthora species, in particular the common P. quercina and P. citricola occurred on sites showing a wide variety of soil types, soil textures and moisture classes. There was mild evidence for connection between deteriorating crown status and the presence of Phytophthora spp. Furthermore, significant differences in contents of magnesium, as well as calcium, aluminium, nitrogen and carbon at different soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm) were detected between Phytophthora-infested and Phytophthora -free sites. The results of the present study provide circumstantial evidence that Phytophthora species are involved in oak decline at certain sites in Austria.