Functional unit of supergene in female-limited Batesian mimicry of Papilio polytes
Functional unit of supergene in female-limited Batesian mimicry of Papilio polytes
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DOI：
10.1093/genetics/iyac177
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发表时间：
2022-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Fujiwara, Haruhiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Komata, Shinya;Yoda, Shinichi;Fujiwara, Haruhiko
超基因是一组基因和遗传元件，它们像单个基因一样遗传并控制复杂的适应性特征，但它们的功能作用和单位却知之甚少。在凤蝶中，雌性有限的贝氏拟态被认为受到类似于 130 kb 反转区域（高度多样化的区域：HDR）的调节，该区域包含 3 个基因：UXT、U3X 和双性 (dsx)，可切换非拟态和拟态类型。为了确定功能单元，我们对蛹后翅 HDR 内部和侧翼的基因进行了电穿孔介导的 RNAi 分析（以及用于 UXT 的进一步 Crispr/Cas9）。我们首先阐明非拟态dsx-h具有形成雌性非拟态性状的功能，并且只有dsx-H亚型3在拟态性状的形成中具有重要功能。接下来，我们发现 UXT 参与了拟态型浅黄色斑点的形成，而邻近的 Sir2 基因则参与了后翅红色斑点的形成，这两者都完善了更复杂的拟态性。此外，通过RNA测序筛选的dsx、U3X和UXT下游基因网络表明，U3X上调dsx-H表达并抑制UXT表达。这些发现表明，一组多个基因，不仅在 HDR 内部，而且在 HDR 侧翼，都可以作为超基因成员发挥作用，这比我们之前考虑的扩展了超基因单元的定义。此外，我们的结果表明 dsx 充当转换基因，而超基因单元中的一些其他基因（例如 UXT 和 Sir2）充当修饰基因。
Supergenes are sets of genes and genetic elements that are inherited like a single gene and control complex adaptive traits, but their functional roles and units are poorly understood. In Papilio polytes, female-limited Batesian mimicry is thought to be regulated by a similar to 130 kb inversion region (highly diversified region: HDR) containing 3 genes, UXT, U3X, and doublesex (dsx) which switches non-mimetic and mimetic types. To determine the functional unit, we here performed electroporation-mediated RNAi analyses (and further Crispr/Cas9 for UXT) of genes within and flanking the HDR in pupal hindwings. We first clarified that non-mimetic dsx-h had a function to form the non-mimetic trait in female and only dsx-H isoform 3 had an important function in the formation of mimetic traits. Next, we found that UXT was involved in making mimetic-type pale-yellow spots and adjacent gene sir2 in making red spots in hindwings, both of which refine more elaborate mimicry. Furthermore, downstream gene networks of dsx, U3X, and UXT screened by RNA sequencing showed that U3X upregulated dsx-H expression and repressed UXT expression. These findings demonstrate that a set of multiple genes, not only inside but also flanking HDR, can function as supergene members, which extends the definition of supergene unit than we considered before. Also, our results indicate that dsx functions as the switching gene and some other genes such as UXT and sir2 within the supergene unit work as the modifier gene.