NITROGEN-INDUCED NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES - A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO NORWAY SPRUCE DECLINE IN THE BOHEMIAN FOREST (AUSTRIA)
NITROGEN-INDUCED NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES - A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO NORWAY SPRUCE DECLINE IN THE BOHEMIAN FOREST (AUSTRIA)
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DOI：
10.1016/0378-1127(92)90469-p
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发表时间：
1992-08-15
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
KAZDA, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KATZENSTEINER, K;GLATZEL, G;KAZDA, M
对奥地利波西米亚森林森林退化症状的研究表明，地形对森林条件有重大影响。作为衡量树木活力的指标，针叶损失在海拔较高和面向盛行风的西坡上更为严重。干旱期似乎增加了暂时涝渍地区的针损。营养失衡，尤其是叶片镁、钙含量偏低和氮镁比过宽与针叶损失增加有关。地面元素通量的测量表明，与东北坡相比，西南坡和山顶的氮通量高30-70%，硫通量高约50%。不同地点间开阔地带的沉积速率无显著差异。云和雾水沉积是暴露地点高输入的主要来源。在西南坡，通过渗漏损失的氮与大气沉积损失的氮相同，这表明氮饱和。在东北坡，氮素输入仍然可以储存在土壤和植被中。研究表明，在暴露的西坡浅层酸性土壤上，污染物沉降，特别是氮沉降，超过了森林生态系统的缓冲能力。这会导致营养失衡。
Studies of forest-decline symptoms in the Bohemian Forest of Austria showed significant effects of topography on forest conditions. Needle loss, as a measure of the tree vigour, was more severe in higher elevations and on west slopes which face the prevailing winds. Drought periods seem to enhance needle loss on temporarily waterlogged sites. Nutritional imbalances, especially low magnesium and calcium contents in the foliage and wide nitrogen-to-magnesium ratios were correlated with increased needle loss. Measurements of element fluxes at ground level have shown that nitrogen flux with throughfall was 30-70% higher and sulphur flux about 50% higher on a southwest slope and hilltop as compared with a northeast slope. Deposition rates in the open did not differ significantly between sites. Cloud- and fogwater deposition was the main source of higher inputs at the exposed sites. On the southwest slope, nitrogen losses via seepage were of the same magnitude as gains from atmospheric deposition, an indication of nitrogen saturation. On the northeast slope, nitrogen inputs could still be stored in soil and vegetation. This study shows that pollutant deposition, in particular nitrogen deposition, exceeds the buffering capacity of forest ecosystems on shallow, acidic soils of exposed west slopes. This leads to nutritional imbalances.