Building a consensus for more flexible guidelines in heart failure with comorbidities: Why this is important for remote Australian patients
Building a consensus for more flexible guidelines in heart failure with comorbidities: Why this is important for remote Australian patients
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就合并症心力衰竭的更灵活指南达成共识：为什么这对偏远的澳大利亚患者很重要
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发表时间：
1997
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通讯作者：
P. Iyngkaran
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作者：
P. Iyngkaran
目的：研究急性肺栓塞(PE)患者血栓中整合素亚单位β-1、β-2和β-3的定位、分布及配体-受体结合的形态变化，探讨急性静脉血栓形成时循环免疫细胞的活化、炎性免疫黏附和凝血反应。方法：收集急性PE患者的血栓标本。用免疫组织化学方法检测血栓内整合素亚单位β1、β2和β3在细胞内的表达和分布，并检测血栓内整合素亚单位β1、β2和β3的配体。结果：1)急性静脉血栓是由骨架和含有大量红细胞和白细胞的丝状网组成的红色血栓；2)整合素亚单位β1、β2和β3表达于淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和血小板上；3)整合素β1配体：层粘连蛋白、纤维连接蛋白、I型和II型胶原在淋巴细胞上不表达；整合素β2配体包括ICAM、FX和ICC3b分布在中性粒细胞上，配体和纤维蛋白原结合在中性粒细胞上；整合素β3表达在形成血栓骨架的血小板上并与纤维蛋白原结合构成网状结构；4)Xa因子在丝状网状细胞上表达；5)丝状网内充满了以红细胞为主的血细胞。结论：急性静脉血栓形成是一个以循环淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和血小板为主的活化过程，是整合素亚单位β-2和β-3与其配体结合的全过程。免疫细胞活化、炎性免疫黏附和凝血反应参与了急性静脉血栓形成。
Objective: To investigate localization and distribution of integrin subunit β1, β2 and β3 and morphological changes of ligand-recepter binding in thrombi of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients and explore activation of circulated immune cells, inflammatory immune adherence and coagulation response in acute venous thrombosis. Methods: Thrombi were collected from patients with acute PE. Immunohistochemistry was done to detect the expression and distribution of integrin β1, β2 and β3 in cells within thrombi, and ligands of integrin subunit β1, β2 and β3 were also determined by immunohistochemistry within the thrombi. Results: 1) Acute venous thrombi were red thrombi composed of skeletons and filamentous mesh containing large amounts of red blood cells and white blood cells; 2) Integrin subunit β1, β2 and β3 were expressed on lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets; 3) No expression of integrin β1 ligands: Laminin, Fibronectin, Collagen I or Collagen-II on lymphocytes; integrin β2 ligands including ICAM, factor X and iC3b are distributed on neutrophils, and ligand fibrinogen bound to neutrophils; integrin β3 was expressed on platelets which form the skeleton of thrombi and bound to fibrinogen to construct mesh structure; 4) Factor Xa was expressed on the filamentous mesh; 5) Filamentous mesh was fully filled with red blood cell dominant blood cells. Conclusion: Acute venous thrombosis is an activation process of circulated lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets mainly, and a whole process including integrin subunit β2 and β3 binding with their ligands. Activation of immune cells, inflammatory immune adherence and coagulation response are involved in the acute venous thrombosis.