Inversion tectonics: a brief petroleum industry perspective

Inversion tectonics: a brief petroleum industry perspective
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反转构造：石油工业的简要视角

DOI：
10.5194/se-2020-33
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Solid Earth
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
T. Tóth
T. Tóth
中科院分区：
地球科学2区
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Tari;D. Arbouille;Z. Schleder;T. Tóth

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抽象的。反转构造为石油提供了圈闭 探索，通常是四向结构封闭。至于 反演，基于大量的世界各地的例子，在各种 盆地，最优选的石油勘探目标是温和到 由零点位置确定的中等反转结构。 在这些情况下，封闭区的垂直振幅相对较小，但从地图上看很简单，而且在地震反射数据上成像良好。 此外，封闭层通常聚集在伸展沉积中心上方， 倾向于包含提供石油充注的源岩， 反演强烈或完全倒置的情况通常不常见 通常不被认为是理想的勘探前景，主要是由于 与圈闭相关的破裂和地震成像挑战 在反转过程的早期形成。此外，移民可能成为 由于构造复杂性或烃源岩单元可能 上升到烃生成窗口以上，有效地终止了 一旦发生反转，充电。反转构造的实例可分为两种主要模式。的结构 如果先存的同裂谷序列， 伸展盆地单元比它的裂谷后盖层厚， 相反，一个结构的发展是在调式中进行的， II反转，如果同裂谷与裂谷后层序厚度比相反 可以观察到。这两种模式对石油的影响不同 任何给定的反演结构中的系统元素。I型反转倾向于在失败的陆内裂谷中发展， 近端被动边缘和模式II结构与后弧相关 盆地和被动边缘的远端部分。对于任何特定的结构，反转的证据通常是 由诸如反射地震和井数据的地下数据集提供。 然而，在许多情况下，结构的较深部分是 地震数据成像不良和/或未被穿透 勘探威尔斯。在这些情况下， 必须依赖于区域对盆地演化的理解， 正断层作用导致的地壳伸展早期阶段的证据。
Abstract. Inverted structures provide traps for petroleum exploration, typically four-way structural closures. As to the degree of inversion, based on a large number of worldwide examples seen in various basins, the most preferred petroleum exploration targets are mild to moderate inversion structures, defined by the location of the null points. In these instances, the closures have a relatively small vertical amplitude but are simple in a map-view sense and well imaged on seismic reflection data. Also, the closures typically cluster above the extensional depocenters which tend to contain source rocks providing petroleum charge during and after the inversion. Cases for strong or total inversion are generally not that common and typically are not considered as ideal exploration prospects, mostly due to breaching and seismic imaging challenges associated with the trap(s) formed early on in the process of inversion. Also, migration may become tortuous due to the structural complexity or the source rock units may be uplifted above the hydrocarbon generation window, effectively terminating the charge once the inversion has occurred. Cases of inversion tectonics can be grouped into two main modes. A structure develops in Mode I inversion if the syn-rift succession in the preexisting extensional basin unit is thicker than its post-rift cover including the pre- and syn-inversion part of it. In contrast, a structure evolves in Mode II inversion if the opposite syn- versus post-rift sequence thickness ratio can be observed. These two modes have different impacts on the petroleum system elements in any given inversion structure. Mode I inversion tends to develop in failed intracontinental rifts and proximal passive margins, and Mode II structures are associated with back-arc basins and distal parts of passive margins. For any particular structure the evidence for inversion is typically provided by subsurface data sets such as reflection seismic and well data. However, in many cases the deeper segments of the structure are either poorly imaged by the seismic data and/or have not been penetrated by exploration wells. In these cases the interpretation in terms of inversion has to rely on the regional understanding of the basin evolution with evidence for an early phase of crustal extension by normal faulting.