Density matrix reconstruction of three-level atoms via Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency
Density matrix reconstruction of three-level atoms via Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency
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DOI：
10.1088/0953-4075/49/16/164002
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发表时间：
2016-02
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通讯作者：
V. Gavryusev;A. Signoles;M. Ferreira-Cao;G. Zurn;C. Hofmann;G. Gunter;H. Schempp;M. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent;Shannon Whitlock;M. Weidemuller
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作者：
V. Gavryusev;A. Signoles;M. Ferreira-Cao;G. Zurn;C. Hofmann;G. Gunter;H. Schempp;M. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent;Shannon Whitlock;M. Weidemuller
在涉及高位里德堡态的电磁诱导透明条件下，我们给出了三能级原子超冷气体中空间分辨光谱和激发原子总数的联合测量结果。在耦合区域中心观察到的弱探测激光的光学透过率随失谐呈现双峰谱，而里德堡原子数则表现为相对较窄的单共振。通过将传输的光成像到电荷耦合器件相机上，我们平行地记录了数百个光谱，这些光谱被用来绘制耦合激光的拉比频率的空间轮廓。利用所有可用的信息，我们可以重建三能级系统的完整的一体密度矩阵，它提供了光学极化率和里德堡密度作为空间位置的函数。这些结果有助于阐明三能级干涉现象之间的联系，包括物质和光自由度之间的相互作用，并将促进对光驱动里德堡气体中多体效应的新研究。
We present combined measurements of the spatially resolved optical spectrum and the total excited-atom number in an ultracold gas of three-level atoms under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions involving high-lying Rydberg states. The observed optical transmission of a weak probe laser at the center of the coupling region exhibits a double peaked spectrum as a function of detuning, while the Rydberg atom number shows a comparatively narrow single resonance. By imaging the transmitted light onto a charge-coupled-device camera, we record hundreds of spectra in parallel, which are used to map out the spatial profile of Rabi frequencies of the coupling laser. Using all the information available we can reconstruct the full one-body density matrix of the three-level system, which provides the optical susceptibility and the Rydberg density as a function of spatial position. These results help elucidate the connection between three-level interference phenomena, including the interplay of matter and light degrees of freedom and will facilitate new studies of many-body effects in optically driven Rydberg gases.