Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex-specific life history changes in a moth
Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex-specific life history changes in a moth
复制标题
夜间人造光会导致飞蛾滞育抑制和性别特异性生活史变化
作者：
K. G. van Geffen;R. V. van Grunsven;J. van Ruijven;F. Berendse;E. Veenendaal
光污染水平的迅速增加使夜间生物的栖息地发生重大变化，其生态后果在很大程度上尚不清楚。众所周知，蛾在夜间会被光吸引，但光对蛾生态的其他方面，如幼虫发育和生活史的影响仍不清楚。这种影响可能会对适合度产生重要影响，从而影响蛾的种群数量。为了研究人工夜间光照对菜蛾发育和生活史的影响，在夜间对菜蛾毛虫进行了低强度绿光、白光、红光和无光处理，并测定了它们的生长速率、最大毛虫质量、化蛹年龄、化蛹质量和化蛹持续时间。我们发现了人工光照对毛虫生活史的性别特异性影响，在绿光和白光下，雄性毛虫达到了较低的最大质量，在红光或黑暗中，雄性毛虫比雄性毛虫更早化蛹，获得了较低的幼虫质量。这些影响可能会对健康产生重大影响，但雌性毛毛虫却没有。此外，到暗对照处理的第一个成虫羽化时(110天后)，大约85%的绿光下的成虫和83%的白光下的成虫已经羽化。这些化蛹持续时间的差异在两性中都存在，并且非常显著，可能是由于人工夜间照明抑制滞育所致。我们的结论是，低水平的夜间光照可以扰乱蛾的生活史，并抑制幼虫滞育的开始。这可能会导致体能下降和死亡率增加。应用红光代替白光或绿光，可能是缓解人工光对飞蛾生活史负面影响的一种适当措施。
Rapidly increasing levels of light pollution subject nocturnal organisms to major alterations of their habitat, the ecological consequences of which are largely unknown. Moths are well-known to be attracted to light at night, but effects of light on other aspects of moth ecology, such as larval development and life-history, remain unknown. Such effects may have important consequences for fitness and thus for moth population sizes. To study the effects of artificial night lighting on development and life-history of moths, we experimentally subjected Mamestra brassicae (Noctuidae) caterpillars to low intensity green, white, red or no artificial light at night and determined their growth rate, maximum caterpillar mass, age at pupation, pupal mass and pupation duration. We found sex-specific effects of artificial light on caterpillar life-history, with male caterpillars subjected to green and white light reaching a lower maximum mass, pupating earlier and obtaining a lower pupal mass than male caterpillars under red light or in darkness. These effects can have major implications for fitness, but were absent in female caterpillars. Moreover, by the time that the first adult moth from the dark control treatment emerged from its pupa (after 110 days), about 85% of the moths that were under green light and 83% of the moths that were under white light had already emerged. These differences in pupation duration occurred in both sexes and were highly significant, and likely result from diapause inhibition by artificial night lighting. We conclude that low levels of nocturnal illumination can disrupt life-histories in moths and inhibit the initiation of pupal diapause. This may result in reduced fitness and increased mortality. The application of red light, instead of white or green light, might be an appropriate measure to mitigate negative artificial light effects on moth life history.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.16.9169
发表时间：
1999-08-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Iyengar, VK;Eisner, T
通讯作者：
Eisner, T