Characterizing and Modeling Non-Volatile Memory Systems
Characterizing and Modeling Non-Volatile Memory Systems
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DOI：
10.1109/micro50266.2020.00049
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发表时间：
2020-10
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zixuan Wang;Xiao Liu;Jian Yang-;Theodore Michailidis;S. Swanson;Jishen Zhao
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作者：
Zixuan Wang;Xiao Liu;Jian Yang-;Theodore Michailidis;S. Swanson;Jishen Zhao
可扩展的服务器级非易失性RAM（NVRAM）DIMM随着英特尔Optane DIMM的发布而商业化。最近对Optane DIMM系统的研究揭示了与许多研究人员在产品发布前假设的性能特征不同的性能特征。这些研究大多集中在系统软件设计和性能分析。为了彻底分析这种差异的来源，并促进真正的NVRAM感知架构设计，我们提出了一个框架，Optane DIMM的微架构的特点和模型。我们的框架包括一个低级别的profilEr为非易失性存储器系统（透镜）和验证周期准确的NVRAM模拟器（VANS）。透镜使我们能够全面分析性能属性并对NVRAM微架构进行逆向工程。基于透镜特性，我们开发了VANS，它模拟了Optane DIMM的复杂微架构设计，并通过与Optane DIMM连接的Intel服务器的详细性能特性进行比较来验证。VANS采用模块化设计，可以很容易地修改以扩展到其他NVRAM架构设计;它也可以连接到全系统仿真器，如gem 51。通过使用透镜和VANS，我们在Optane DIMM之上开发了两种架构优化，即Lazy Cache和Pre-translation，它们显著提高了云工作负载性能。
Scalable server-grade non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) DIMMs became commercially available with the release of Intel’s Optane DIMM. Recent studies on Optane DIMM systems unveil discrepant performance characteristics, compared to what many researchers assumed before the product release. Most of these studies focus on system software design and performance analysis. To thoroughly analyze the source of this discrepancy and facilitate real-NVRAM-aware architecture design, we propose a framework that characterizes and models Optane DIMM’s microarchitecture. Our framework consists of a Low-level profilEr for Non-volatile memory Systems (LENS) and a Validated cycle-Accurate NVRAM Simulator (VANS). LENS allows us to comprehensively analyze the performance attributes and reverse engineer NVRAM microarchitectures. Based on LENS characterization, we develop VANS, which models the sophisticated microarchitecture design of Optane DIMM, and is validated by comparing with the detailed performance characteristics of Optane-DIMM-attached Intel servers. VANS adopts a modular design that can be easily modified to extend to other NVRAM architecture designs; it can also be attached to full-system simulators, such as gem51. By using LENS and VANS, we develop two architectural optimizations on top of Optane DIMM, Lazy Cache and Pre-translation, which significantly improve cloud workload performance.