Has the Time Come for a Cultural Psychiatry Fellowship in the USA?
Has the Time Come for a Cultural Psychiatry Fellowship in the USA?
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DOI：
10.1007/s40596-016-0585-0
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lewis-Fernandez, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aggarwal, Neil Krishan;Like, Robert;Lewis-Fernandez, Roberto
不断增长的实践指南、研究奖学金和政策要求表明，考虑在文化精神病学领域设立亚专业奖学金项目的时机已经成熟。文化精神病学被定义为“一个跨学科领域，主要借鉴解释性社会科学（例如医学人类学）、社会和精神病流行病学、临床精神病学和心理学，以及来自非西方种族、侨民和民族群体的心理健康专业人士的关注”，以满足美国和国外各种文化背景的患者的需求[1]。这个定义承认文化精神病学家来自不同的学科，以了解如何提供跨文化护理。研究生医学教育认证委员会 (ACGME) 制定了一套标准，用于评估在精神病学住院医师培训后启动为期一年的文化精神病学奖学金的前景。 ACGME 将亚专业项目定义为在 ACGME 认可的住院医师项目中完成专业教育后“由一系列学习经历组成的结构化教育活动”[2]。下面逐字列出的这些标准必须记录下来才能认可新的子专业 [2]:1。通过学科的认可，将提高临床护理和患者的安全； 2. 该亚专科存在一定的科学医学知识体系，该知识体系在临床上与已提供认证的其他领域不同； 3. 存在足够多的医生群体，他们将其执业集中在所提议的亚专业领域；
Growing practice guidelines, research scholarship, and policy mandates suggest that the time is ripe to consider the creation of subspecialty fellowship programs in cultural psychiatry. Cultural psychiatry has been defined as “a transdisciplinary field, principally drawing from interpretive social sciences (eg medical anthropology), social and psychiatric epidemiology, clinical psychiatry and psychology, and the concerns of mental health professions from non-Western ethnic, diasporic, and national groups” in responding to the needs of patients from all cultural backgrounds in the USA and abroad [1]. This definition acknowledges that cultural psychiatrists draw from different disciplines to understand how to provide cross-cultural care. One set of standards to assess the prospects for initiating 1-year cultural psychiatry fellowships after psychiatric residency training comes from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The ACGME defines a subspecialty program as “a structured educational activity comprising a series of learning experiences” following the completion of a specialty education in an ACGME-recognized residency program [2]. These criteria, listed below verbatim, must be documented to accredit a new subspecialty [2]:1. The clinical care and safety of patients will be improved through the recognition of the discipline; 2. The existence of a body of scientific medical knowledge underlying the subspecialty that is clinically distinct from other areas in which accreditation is already offered; 3. The existence of a sufficiently large group of physicians who concentrate their practice in the proposed subspecialty;