Sensory Innervation of the Larynx and the Search for Mucosal Mechanoreceptors
Sensory Innervation of the Larynx and the Search for Mucosal Mechanoreceptors
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DOI：
10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00350
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Thibeault, Susan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foote, Alexander G.;Thibeault, Susan L.
目的：喉是一个特殊的器官，位于胃肠道和呼吸道之间，承受着相当大的免疫挑战，同时通过假定的粘膜机械感受器传入提供反射性反应。喉传入通过传递到喉上神经的内侧支(ISLN)来调节感觉事件的精确监测。在黏膜-呼吸道界面暴露于各种刺激(例如，机械、化学、热)可能进化出一系列不同的特殊感觉传入，以快速控制喉部。因此，喉部分界区域的粘膜机械感受器被认为是感觉输入的主要来源。本文的目的是就目前有关喉粘膜传入受体的证据、机械门控离子通道在呼吸道上皮细胞中的作用以及机械感受器在喉部健康和疾病中的作用机制提供指导。方法：综述iSLN介导的传入受体在喉部的分布和识别，重点介绍机械感受器及其在呼吸道粘膜中的功能作用。结果/结论：喉部体感在细胞和分子水平上的研究还很少。本教程巩固了各种动物和人类的研究，并强调了粘膜机械感受器对正常和不正常喉部功能的重要性。本教程中提供的信息与临床和研究领域都有相关性。对isln神经支配和相应的机械转导事件的深入了解将有助于阐明各种病理反射反应，包括持续性咳嗽、发音困难和喉痉挛。
Purpose: The larynx is a uniquely situated organ, juxtaposed between the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and endures considerable immunological challenges while providing reflexogenic responses via putative mucosal mechanoreceptor afferents. Laryngeal afferents mediate precise monitoring of sensory events by relay to the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (iSLN). Exposure to a variety of stimuli (e.g., mechanical, chemical, thermal) at the mucosa-airway interface has likely evolved a diverse array of specialized sensory afferents for rapid laryngeal control. Accordingly, mucosal mechanoreceptors in demarcated laryngeal territories have been hypothesized as primary sources of sensory input. The purpose of this article is to provide a tutorial on current evidence for laryngeal afferent receptors in mucosa, the role of mechano-gated ion channels within airway epithelia and mechanismsfor mechanoreceptors implicated in laryngeal health and disease. Method: An overview was conducted on the distribution and identity of iSLN-mediated afferent receptors in the larynx, with specific focus on mechanoreceptors and their functional roles in airway mucosa. Results/Conclusions: Laryngeal somatosensation at the cell and molecular level is still largely unexplored. This tutorial consolidates various animal and human researches, with translational emphasis provided for the importance of mucosal mechanoreceptors to normal and abnormal laryngeal function. Information presented in this tutorial has relevance to both clinical and research arenas. Improved understanding of iSLN innervation and corresponding mechanotransduction events will help shed light upon a variety of pathological reflex responses, including persistent cough, dysphonia, and laryngospasm.