An appraisal of Indonesia’s immense peat carbon stock using national peatland maps: uncertainties and potential losses from conversion
An appraisal of Indonesia’s immense peat carbon stock using national peatland maps: uncertainties and potential losses from conversion
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使用国家泥炭地地图评估印度尼西亚巨大的泥炭碳储量：转换带来的不确定性和潜在损失
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
R. Kolka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Warren;K. Hergoualc’h;J. B. Kauffman;D. Murdiyarso;R. Kolka
世界上很大一部分热带泥炭地位于印度尼西亚，在那里，碳、生物多样性和生态系统服务的快速转化和相关损失使泥炭地管理成为印度尼西亚气候减缓努力的前沿。我们评估了泥炭量从两个共同参考的泥炭分布和深度的地图出版的湿地国际（WI）和印度尼西亚农业部（MoA），并使用区域特定的碳密度值来计算carbonstocks.ResultsPeatland范围和体积出版的MoA地图低于WI地图，导致较低的估计碳储量。我们估计印度尼西亚的泥炭碳储量总量在13.6 GtC（低MoA地图估计值）和40.5 GtC（高WI地图估计值）之间，最佳估计值为28.1 GtC：来自WI（30.8 GtC）和MoA（25.3 GtC）地图的中等碳储量估计值的中点。这一估计是以前评估的一半左右，以前的评估使用了所有印度尼西亚泥炭地泥炭厚度的假设平均值，并将目前的全球热带泥炭碳库修正为75 GtC。然而，这些结果并没有削弱印尼泥炭地的重要性，据估计，泥炭地储存的碳比印尼所有森林的生物量多30%。地图之间差异最大的是巴布亚省，占泥炭面积、体积和碳储量总体差异的62-71%。根据农业部的地图，印度尼西亚80%的泥炭地厚度小于300厘米，因此根据环境法规，很容易在保护区之外进行转换。保守估计，这些较浅的泥炭地中所含的碳为10.6 GtC，相当于印度尼西亚泥炭碳总量的42%，约为12年来土地利用变化产生的全球排放量。对印度尼西亚的泥炭地图进行系统的修订，以产生一个普遍接受的单一地理空间参考，将改善国家泥炭碳储量的估计，并大大有利于碳循环研究，土地使用管理和空间规划。
BackgroundA large proportion of the world’s tropical peatlands occur in Indonesia where rapid conversion and associated losses of carbon, biodiversity and ecosystem services have brought peatland management to the forefront of Indonesia’s climate mitigation efforts. We evaluated peat volume from two commonly referenced maps of peat distribution and depth published by Wetlands International (WI) and the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), and used regionally specific values of carbon density to calculate carbon stocks.ResultsPeatland extent and volume published in the MoA maps are lower than those in the WI maps, resulting in lower estimates of carbon storage. We estimate Indonesia’s total peat carbon store to be within 13.6 GtC (the low MoA map estimate) and 40.5 GtC (the high WI map estimate) with a best estimate of 28.1 GtC: the midpoint of medium carbon stock estimates derived from WI (30.8 GtC) and MoA (25.3 GtC) maps. This estimate is about half of previous assessments which used an assumed average value of peat thickness for all Indonesian peatlands, and revises the current global tropical peat carbon pool to 75 GtC. Yet, these results do not diminish the significance of Indonesia’s peatlands, which store an estimated 30% more carbon than the biomass of all Indonesian forests. The largest discrepancy between maps is for the Papua province, which accounts for 62–71% of the overall differences in peat area, volume and carbon storage. According to the MoA map, 80% of Indonesian peatlands are <300 cm thick and thus vulnerable to conversion outside of protected areas according to environmental regulations. The carbon contained in these shallower peatlands is conservatively estimated to be 10.6 GtC, equivalent to 42% of Indonesia’s total peat carbon and about 12 years of global emissions from land use change at current rates.ConclusionsConsidering the high uncertainties in peatland extent, volume and carbon storage revealed in this assessment of current maps, a systematic revision of Indonesia’s peat maps to produce a single geospatial reference that is universally accepted would improve national peat carbon storage estimates and greatly benefit carbon cycle research, land use management and spatial planning.