A metagenomic insight into our gut's microbiome
A metagenomic insight into our gut's microbiome
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DOI：
10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301805
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Dore, Joel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lepage, Patricia;Leclerc, Marion C.;Dore, Joel
测序技术的进步以及宏基因组学和生物信息学方法的发展为研究人类肠道中的10（14）种微生物开辟了新的途径。在一个大型和深度测序的队列中，人类肠道微生物组的基因组成突出了一个比人类基因组大150倍的总体非冗余基因组。基于宏基因组测序的计算机预测现在被积极地跟踪、比较和挑战，使用额外的“组学”技术。微生物群与其宿主之间的相互作用是几种病理的关键兴趣，应用代谢组学来描述人类肠道微生物群将更好地理解粘膜界面上的这种关键串扰。人们越来越认识到微生物组的重要性，另一个发现是许多噬菌体，即感染细菌（噬菌体）或具有高宿主特异性的古细菌的原核生物病毒，栖息在人体肠道中并影响微生物活动。此外，肠道菌群内的基因交换已被证明比预期的更为频繁。综上所述，这些创新的探索性技术有望揭示对肠道稳态和人类健康至关重要的新信息网络。在面临的挑战中，这些网络的体内验证，以及它们与疾病预测和预后的整合，可能需要进一步的工作假设和合作努力。
Advances in sequencing technology and the development of metagenomic and bioinformatics methods have opened up new ways to investigate the 10(14) microorganisms inhabiting the human gut. The gene composition of human gut microbiome in a large and deeply sequenced cohort highlighted an overall nonredundant genome size 150 times larger than the human genome. The in silico predictions based on metagenomic sequencing are now actively followed, compared and challenged using additional 'omics' technologies. Interactions between the microbiota and its host are of key interest in several pathologies and applying metaomics to describe the human gut microbiome will give a better understanding of this crucial crosstalk at mucosal interfaces. Adding to the growing appreciation of the importance of the microbiome is the discovery that numerous phages, that is, viruses of prokaryotes infecting bacteria (bacteriophages) or archaea with a high host specificity, inhabit the human gut and impact microbial activity. In addition, gene exchanges within the gut microbiota have proved to be more frequent than anticipated. Taken together, these innovative exploratory technologies are expected to unravel new information networks critical for gut homeostasis and human health. Among the challenges faced, the in vivo validation of these networks, together with their integration into the prediction and prognosis of disease, may require further working hypothesis and collaborative efforts.