Succession of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico
Succession of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico
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DOI：
10.1021/es401676y
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Andersen, Gary L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dubinsky, Eric A.;Conrad, Mark E.;Andersen, Gary L.
深水地平线石油泄漏在墨西哥湾产生了大量分散的石油和天然气的地下羽流，刺激了嗜冷的碳氢化合物降解细菌的生长。我们跟踪了83天的泄漏之前，期间和之后的羽细菌的继承，以确定整个事件的微生物反应和生物降解潜力。优势菌随着时间的推移发生了很大的变化，并依赖于不同烃馏分的相对数量。未减轻的流量从井口早期泄漏导致的正构烷烃和环烷烃的比例最高的深度和对应的优势由Oceanocellellaceae和假单胞菌。一旦石油和天然气的部分捕获开始43天的泄漏，石油烃减少，芳烃的馏分增加，和Colwellia，Cycloclasticus，和Pseudoalteromonas增加的优势。甲基单胞菌的富集与烟羽中甲烷的δ C-13值的正向变化相吻合，表明甲烷氧化发生的时间比以前报道的要早。异常的氧低压持续在羽状深度超过六个星期后，井关闭，可能是由常见的海洋异养生物与降解的高分子量有机物，包括Methylophaga。多种烃降解细菌在整个泄漏过程中同时运行，但它们的相对重要性受烃供应变化的控制。
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill produced large subsurface plumes of dispersed oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico that stimulated growth of psychrophilic, hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. We tracked succession of plume bacteria before, during and after the 83-day spill to determine the microbial response and biodegradation potential throughout the incident. Dominant bacteria shifted substantially over time and were dependent on relative quantities of different hydrocarbon fractions. Unmitigated flow from the wellhead early in the spill resulted in the highest proportions of n-alkanes and cycloalkanes at depth and corresponded with dominance by Oceanospirillaceae and Pseudomonas. Once partial capture of oil and gas began 43 days into the spill, petroleum hydrocarbons decreased, the fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons increased, and Colwellia, Cycloclasticus, and Pseudoalteromonas increased in dominance. Enrichment of Methylomonas coincided with positive shifts in the delta C-13 values of methane in the plume and indicated significant methane oxidation occurred earlier than previously reported. Anomalous oxygen depressions persisted at plume depths for over six weeks after well shut-in and were likely caused by common marine heterotrophs associated with degradation of high-molecular-weight organic matter, including Methylophaga. Multiple hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria operated simultaneously throughout the spill, but their relative importance was controlled by changes in hydrocarbon supply.