Mediatory Myths in the US Military: Tobacco Use as "Stress Relief"
Mediatory Myths in the US Military: Tobacco Use as "Stress Relief"
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DOI：
10.4278/ajhp.121009-qual-491
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Malone, Ruth E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Elizabeth A.;Malone, Ruth E.
目的.研究军人对烟草使用的看法。（1）焦点小组和（2）访谈数据的二次分析。美国军方.主题.总参与者（n = 241）：应征人员，主管（n = 189人参加23个焦点小组），烟草控制管理人员和政策领导人（n = 52访谈参与者）。不适用。措施。不适用。使用解释方法对突出主题进行归纳、迭代编码。调解神话的概念的应用，所使用的机构，以涵盖内部矛盾。所有类型的参与者都赞同这样一种观点，即军队需要烟草来缓解压力。确定的压力类型包括融入（与同事和上级的关系）和控制工作流程（休息）。与会者还讨论了关于烟草对军事使命的影响的信念，以及烟草使用的制度制裁。尽管烟草对健康的负面影响有充分的证据，但烟草缓解压力的神话在军队中发挥了几种制度性作用。它有助于尽量减少对人员健康的压力的看法，表明压力可以单独由个人管理，并使烟草使用制度化。军事领导层越来越认识到，对抗压力对健康至关重要，这为挑战这一神话提供了机会。
Purpose. To examine perceptions of military personnel about tobacco use.Design. Secondary analysis of (I) focus group and (2) interview data.Setting. U.S. military.Subjects. Total participants (n = 241): Enlisted personnel, supervisors (n = 189 individuals participating in 23 focus groups), tobacco control managers, and policy leaders (n = 52 interview participants).Intervention. Not applicable.Measures. Not applicable.Analysis. Inductive, iterative coding for salient themes using an interpretive approach. Application of the concept of mediatory myths, used by institutions to cover over internal contradictions.Results. All types of participants endorsed the idea that tobacco was needed in the military for stress relief Types of stress identified included fitting in, (relationships with coworkers and superiors) and control of workflow (taking breaks). Participants also discussed beliefs about the impact of tobacco on the military mission, and institutional sanction of tobacco use.Conclusion. Despite tobacco's well-documented negative effects on fitness, the myth that tobacco relieves stress serves several institutional functions in the military. It serves to minimize perceptions of stress on the fitness of personnel, suggests that stress can be managed solely by individuals, and institutionalizes tobacco use. Growing recognition among military leadership that countering stress is essential to fitness offers an opportunity to challenge this myth.