The evolutionary dynamics of haplodiploidy: Genome architecture and haploid viability.
The evolutionary dynamics of haplodiploidy: Genome architecture and haploid viability.
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.12792
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ross L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blackmon H;Hardy NB;Ross L
单倍二倍体繁殖，即雄性是单倍体，雌性是二倍体，在动物中很普遍，但我们对它进化的力量知之甚少。目前的理论是，单倍二倍体是通过遗传冲突进化而来的，因为它为母亲提供了传播优势。男性生存能力被认为是一个主要的限制因素;二倍体个体往往含有许多隐性致死突变。该理论预测，单倍二倍体的进化更可能发生在染色体较少的雄性异配子谱系中，因为X染色体上的基因通常在单倍体环境中表达，染色体数目越少，X连锁的总基因组比例越大。我们测试这一预测与螨，其中haplodiploidy反复进化的比较系统发育分析。我们恢复染色体数目和单倍性之间的负相关性，找到证据表明，低染色体数目的单倍性之前进化，这是不太可能的，从单倍性二倍体谱系的螨的二倍性已经重新进化。这些结果与预测的单倍体雄性生存力的重要性是一致的。
Haplodiploid reproduction, in which males are haploid and females are diploid, is widespread among animals, yet we understand little about the forces responsible for its evolution. The current theory is that haplodiploidy has evolved through genetic conflicts, as it provides a transmission advantage to mothers. Male viability is thought to be a major limiting factor; diploid individuals tend to harbor many recessive lethal mutations. This theory predicts that the evolution of haplodiploidy is more likely in male heterogametic lineages with few chromosomes, as genes on the X chromosome are often expressed in a haploid environment, and the fewer the chromosome number, the greater the proportion of the total genome that is X‐linked. We test this prediction with comparative phylogenetic analyses of mites, among which haplodiploidy has evolved repeatedly. We recover a negative correlation between chromosome number and haplodiploidy, find evidence that low chromosome number evolved prior to haplodiploidy, and that it is unlikely that diplodiploidy has reevolved from haplodiploid lineages of mites. These results are consistent with the predicted importance of haploid male viability.